Uses control charts for process stability.
Charts track means, ranges, and standard deviations.
Distinguishes between common and special cause variation.
A process is stable if data is within control limits.
Control limits are calculated as mean ± 3 standard deviations.
Different charts (X̅-R, X̅-S, I-MR) for different applications.
Pre-control is used for startup, not for poor capability processes.