El documento resume los conceptos fundamentales de la biología, incluyendo la jerarquía de la organización biológica desde las moléculas hasta la biosfera, la estructura y función de las células, la herencia genética, la evolución y la diversidad de especies. Explica cómo los biólogos usan métodos como la hipótesis, experimentos de campo y razonamiento deductivo para explorar y comprender la vida.

1. Capitulo 1 UNE Explorando la Vida Dr.M.Ojeda

9. Ecosistema La Biosfera Organismos Poblacion Comunidades Celulas Organelas Moleculas Tejidos Organos y sistema de organos Celula 1 µm Atomos 10 µm 50 µm

13. LE 1-4 Luz Solar Ecosistema Calor Calor Energia Quimica Consumidores (incluye los animales) Productores (plantas y otros organismos fotosinteticos)

15. LE 1-5 25 µm

17. LE 1-6 Sperm cell Nuclei containing DNA Egg cell Fertilized egg with DNA from both parents Embryo’s cells With copies of inherited DNA Offspring with traits inherited from both parents

19. LE 1-7 DNA double helix Single strand of DNA Nucleotide Cell Nucleus DNA

21. LE 1-8 Membrane Cytoplasm EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL DNA (no nucleus) Membrane 1 µm Organelles Nucleus (contains DNA)

27. LE 1-10 CELL Nucleus Cytoplasm Outer membrane and cell surface

31. LE 1-11 Enzyme 1 A A B B C C D D D D D D D D D D D Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Negative feedback Enzyme 1

32. LE 1-12 W Enzyme 4 W X X Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Enzyme 5 Enzyme 6 Positive feedback Enzyme 4 Enzyme 6 Enzyme 5 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z

36. LE 1-14 Ursidae Ursus Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Eukarya Especie Genero Familia Orden Clase Tipo Reino Dominio Ursus americanus (American black bear)

38. LE 1-15 Bacteria 4 µm 100 µm 0.5 µm Kingdom Plantae Protists Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi Archaea

40. LE 1-16a Cilia of windpipe cells Cilia of Paramecium 15 µm 5 µm

41. LE 1-16b Cilia of windpipe cells Cilia of Paramecium Cross section of cilium, as viewed with an electron microscope 0.1 µm

49. LE 1-20 Evolution of adaptations in the population Differences in reproductive success Overproduction and competition Population of organisms Hereditary variations

51. LE 1-21 Population with varied inherited traits Elimination of individuals with certain traits Reproduction of survivors Increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproductive success

55. LE 1-23 Large ground finch Large cactus ground finch Sharp-beaked ground finch Geospiza magnirostris Geospiza conirostris Medium ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa Small ground finch Woodpecker finch Camarhynchus psittacula Large tree finch Medium tree finch Cactus ground finch Geospiza difficilis Cactus flower eaters Geospiza scandens Seed eater Ground finches Seed eaters Tree finches Common ancestor from South American mainland Insect eaters Bud eater Warbler finches Mangrove finch Geospiza fortis Cactospiza pallida Small tree finch Camarhynchus pauper Camarhynchus parvulus Green warbler finch Gray warbler finch Certhidea olivacea Certhidea fusca Vegetarian finch Platyspiza crassirostris Cactospiza heliobates

56. Video: Albatross Courtship Ritual Video: Blue-footed Boobies Courtship Ritual Video: Galap á gos Islands Overview Video Galapágos Marine Iguana Video: Galapágos Sea Lion Video: Galapágos Tortoise

64. LE 1-25a Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb Observations Question

65. LE 1-25b Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb Test prediction Test falsifies hypothesis Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Test prediction Test does not falsify hypothesis

70. LE 1-26 Flower fly (nonstinging) Honeybee (stinging)

72. LE 1-27 Scarlet king snake Eastern coral snake Scarlet king snake Key Range of scarlet king snake North Carolina Range of eastern coral snake South Carolina

74. LE 1-28 (a) Artificial king snake (b) Artificial brown snake that has been attacked

75. LE 1-29 In areas where coral snakes were present, most attacks were on brown artificial snakes. In areas where coral snakes were absent, most attacks were on artificial king snakes. % of attacks on artificial king snakes % of attacks on brown artificial snakes Field site with artificial snakes 83% North Carolina South Carolina 17% 16% 84% Key

80. LE 1-30 From body From lungs Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle To lungs To body