2. Myostatin
2
Myostatin, also known as growth
differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), is a protein
that acts as a negative regulator of muscle
growth in mammals, including humans. It is
produced by muscle cells and functions by
inhibiting the proliferation and
differentiation of muscle cells, resulting in a
reduction in muscle growth.
3. Diabetes
3
Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects
blood sugar regulation. Insulin deficiency is
a key component in its development. Insulin,
produced by the pancreas, facilitates the
entry of glucose into cells. In type 1
diabetes, the immune system attacks
insulin-producing cells. In type 2 diabetes,
cells do not respond properly to insulin or
not enough is produced.
9. Akpan et al. 35
“Other studies have reported
improvements in insulin
sensitivity and glycemia with
myostatin inhibition
primarily in obese and type 2
diabetes animal models”
“However, these animal studies
utilized
different models of diabetes and/or
myostatin inhibition than the present
study and that could explain the
discrepancy in the findings relating to
glycemic control.”
Omosule CL et al.48
“other studies reporting on this
particular antibody have shown
very weak binding to GDF-11
compared with
myostatin”
“Furthermore, we have not reported
on
affected signaling pathways in bone
tissue from our mice”
Nyman JS et al.42
"Previous studies have shown that
insulin improves markers of bone
formation, cortical and trabecular
bone, and
their biomechanical properties in
insulin-deficient diabetic animals."
“In this study, it is confirmed that
insulin improves markers of bone
formation, cortical and trabecular
bone, and
their biomechanical properties in
insulin-deficient diabetic animals.”
9