CDP+++ Módulo 2 clase 10
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El documento describe varias técnicas de diseño como la aplicación de principios naturales, la creación de gremios, la ingeniería de sistemas y la holocracia. Explica conceptos como los patrones naturales, las asociaciones de cultivos y los beneficios mutuos entre especies. También aborda métodos de diseño sistémico como mapear necesidades, objetivos, requisitos y realimentación.
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CDP+++ Módulo 2 clase 10
- 1. Clase 2.10 del CDP+++ ¿Qué técnicas de diseño tengo a mi disposición y cómo se cuando aplicarlas? PARTE 2 de 2 Existen una multitud de métodos de diseño y es importante elegir el que mejor se ajuste a las circunstancias y objetivos. En esta clase veremos algunos de estos métodos y hablaremos de los criterios para utilizarlos.
- 2. Clase2.10 CDP+++ ¿Qué técnicas de diseño tengo a mi disposición y cómo se cuando aplicarlas? Aplicación de los Principios Patrones Naturales Creación de Gremios Ingeniería de Sistemas Cambios Políticos Holocrácia
- 3. Clase2.10 CDP+++ ¿Qué técnicas de diseño tengo a mi disposición y cómo se cuando aplicarlas? Aplicación de los Principios Patrones Naturales Creación de Gremios Ingeniería de Sistemas Cambios Políticos Super-Liderazgo
- 4. PRINCIPIOS de Ecología tomadas de las ciencias naturales: biología, química, física, etc. de Actitud de nuestra experiencia, filosofía, psicología, sentido común, etc. de Diseño tomados de ingeniería, diseño técnico, arquitectura, informática, cibernética, etc.
- 5. Míni-Max mínimo esfuerzo para máximo rendimiento
- 6. Recursos Biológicos Local Tecnología Apropiada Cuidar la Tierra
- 11. Clase2.10 CDP+++ ¿Qué técnicas de diseño tengo a mi disposición y cómo se cuando aplicarlas? Aplicación de los Principios Patrones Naturales Creación de Gremios Ingeniería de Sistemas Cambios Políticos Super-Liderazgo
- 12. Patrones Naturales ver Videos en Libro-e: www. PermaCultureScience.org
- 13. Serie Fibonacci: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 22, 34 , etc. ... la roja es la espiral aurea
- 14. ESPIRALES
- 16. siempre pregunta: ¿que CAUSA este patrón? ¿cómo se forma?
- 17. más rápido menos rápido
- 19. patrones de fuerza
- 20. todos son patrones de crecimiento
- 21. patrones de mini-max
- 22. Aidan Dwyer 13 años Nueva York
- 23. modelo experimental con modelo control
- 26. FRACTALES
- 36. TRAZOS DE VON KARMAN (FORMAS DE SETA)
- 42. FORMA DE SETA
- 49. MANDALAS
- 53. RAMIFICACIÓN DESDE EL CENTRO
- 61. OTROS PATRONES
- 65. APLICANDO LOS PATRONES NATURALES EN EL DISEÑO.
- 76. Desafío de Investigación: ¿porqué es tan fuerte esta forma?
- 77. círculo: max area min perímetro esfera: max volumen min superficie
- 78. Clase2.10 CDP+++ ¿Qué técnicas de diseño tengo a mi disposición y cómo se cuando aplicarlas? Aplicación de los Principios Patrones Naturales Creación de Gremios Ingeniería de Sistemas Cambios Políticos Holocrácia
- 79. Habla Escribe Habla Tiempo Grupos de Apoyo
- 80. GREMIOS EN EL DISEÑO UNA AGRUPACIÓN ARMONIOSA DE ESPECIES ALREDEDOR DE UN ELEMENTO CENTRAL (PLANTA O ANIMAL). DICHA AGRUPACIÓN TIENE EFECTOS BENEFICIOSOS SOBRE LA SALUD DE ESTE ELEMENTO, MINIMIZA CONDICIONES AMBIENTALES ADVERSAS O BIEN AYUDA DE ALGUNA OTRA MANERA.
- 81. Controlar plagas, enfermedades, peligros. Ahorrar-acumular energía . Imitar el comportamiento y beneficio de los ciclos-procesos-patrones naturales. Provocar beneficios mutuos, equilibrio. Tener rendimiento sin insumos. Generar hábitat saludable . Favorecer la sucesión natural UTILIDADES, VENTAJAS, SINERGIAS
- 82. ASOCIACIÓN DE CULTIVOS UNA PLANTA ATRAE LOS DEPREDADORES DE LA PLAGA DE LA OTRA PLANTA. UNA PLANTA REPELE LAS PLAGAS DE LA OTRA.. ASISTIENDO EL CONTROL DE PLAGAS PROPORCIONANDO NUTRIENTES CREANDO CONDICIONES FAVORABLES EN EL SUELO O PROPORCIONANDO ACOLCHADO REDUCIENDO LA COMPETITIVIDAD DE LAS RAÍCES PROPORCIONANDO PROTECCIÓN DE HELADAS, VIENTOS, SOL… PARA FACILITAR LA COSECHA
- 83. ALGUNAS ASOCIACIONES AJO : Previene contra parásitos y enfermedades fúngicas en todas las plantas excepto leguminosas y coles. AJO, CEBOLLA o PUERRO CON ZANAHORIA: Contra las moscas de ambos. MAÍZ con JUDÍAS Y CUCURBITACEAS (no calabacines) : Contra los pulgones. Las judías pueden trepar en el maíz y las cucurbitáceas crecer por debajo y así mantener a raya las hierbas. Aunque pueden tener más mildiu. ZANAHORIA con GUISANTES: La secreción de las raíces de la primera fomenta el crecimiento de los segundos. COL con TOMATES: Los Tomates enmascaran el olor de la col y viceversa, previenen las plagas de ambos. Además la silueta de la col puede camuflarse con la de los tomates.
- 84. PATATAS se benefician de una rotación previa de HABAS para evitar las enfermedades fúngicas. También la Consuelda cerca les va muy bien. LECHUGAS con APIO: En verano las lechugas se beneficiaran de su sombra, además sus raíces no compiten por nutrientes. COLES y otras BRASICAS con TRÉBOL: Este último ahuyenta la mariposa de la col. BORRAJA va bien con TOMATES, CALABACINES y FRESAS. ALBAHACA repele insectos y va bien con TOMATES y PIMIENTOS.
- 86. ALGUNOS ANTAGONISTAS AJOS, CEBOLLAS, PUERROS van muy mal con LEGUMINOSAS porque estas no podrían fijar el nitrógeno. GIRASOL: Reduce la producción de las plantas colindantes, pero también atraen predadores de plagas y además cambian la forma de la huerta despistando a las plagas. COMO REGLA GENERAL NO PLANTAR ESPECIES DE LA MISMA FAMILIA JUNTAS, PUES SE VEN AFECTADAS POR LAS MISMAS PLAGAS.
- 88. COMPLEMENTARIDAD FÍSICA • A ALGUNAS PLANTAS LES GUSTA MÁS EL SOL Y A OTRAS UN POCO DE SOMBRA EN VERANO. LAS LECHUGAS Y LAS ZANAHORIAS PUEDEN PLANTARSE CON ALGUNA PLANTA QUE LES OFREZCA ALGO DE SOMBRA Y ASÍ BENEFICIARSE. • HAY PLANTAS CON RAÍCES PROFUNDAS Y OTRAS CON RAÍCES MÁS SUPERFICIALES, ESTAS TAMBIÉN PUEDEN COMBINARSE. TOMATES Y LECHUGAS. • TAMBIÉN PUEDEN COMBINARSE PLANTAS QUE TIENEN DIFERENTES TIEMPOS DE MADURACIÓN. ZANAHORIAS Y RABANITOS. • ALGUNOS INSECTOS RECONOCEN LAS PLANTAS POR LA SILUETA O POR EL OLOR Y ESTOS PUEDEN CAMUFLARSE CON OTRAS PLANTAS
- 89. ANIMALES ASOCIADOS ANIMALES DE FORRAJE SUELTOS EN LOS FRUTALES GALLINAS PATOS QUE CONTROLAN LA POBLACIÓN DE MOLUSCOS AVES INSECTÍVORAS
- 91. BOLAS DE FUKUOKA • ARCILLA • SEMILLAS DE ÁRBOL • SEMILLAS DE APOYO • COMPOST
- 92. Clase2.10 CDP+++ ¿Qué técnicas de diseño tengo a mi disposición y cómo se cuando aplicarlas? Aplicación de los Principios Patrones Naturales Creación de Gremios Ingeniería de Sistemas Cambios Políticos Holocrácia
- 93. Ingeniería de Sistemas Métodos de diseño Necesidades Propósitos (goals) Objetivos
- 94. Necesidades / objetivos del cliente Requisitos misiones medidas de eficacia ambientes limitaciones Base tecnológica Resultados de esfuerzos previos Requisitos para decisiones del programa Requisitos por especificiones y estándares ¡5 Permis! x traducir
- 95. Clase2.10 CDP+++ ¿Qué técnicas de diseño tengo a mi disposición y cómo se cuando aplicarlas? Aplicación de los Principios Patrones Naturales Creación de Gremios Ingeniería de Sistemas Cambios Políticos Holocrácia
- 96. en obras ... inspirado por "Deep Green Resistance" Derreck Jensen Lierre Keith Aric MacBay
- 97. Observar atentamente a los Patrones históricos "Si no conoces tu historia estás condenado a repetirla" Arnold J. Toynbee (historiador británico) Deducción de la Naturaleza Patrones Naturales Sucessiones Naturales Lenguaje de Patrones Aplicar Auto-Regulación y Aceptar Retroalimentación ¿Qué factores funcionaron y NO funcionaron en todos los Movimientos de Resistencia?
- 98. Clase2.10 CDP+++ ¿Qué técnicas de diseño tengo a mi disposición y cómo se cuando aplicarlas? Aplicación de los Principios Patrones Naturales Creación de Gremios Ingeniería de Sistemas Cambios Políticos Holocrácia
- 99. Holocracia = equipos autonomos y auto-organizados (circulos) estructurados en una holarquia (jerarquia anidada) de diferentes niveles. Cada circulo define los roles que necesita para conseguir sus objetivos Los diferentes niveles están conectados por un doble enlace Se busca una decisión realizable en cada momento Dirección dinámica= feedback y adaptación continua, cualquier decisión se puede revisar en cualquier momento. Visión Común
- 106. ... y tu método inventado… Métodos de diseño
- 107. !!Queremos ver tu presentación!! Con tu proceso + Tus concluciones Croquis PMI's Motivación Visión y Misión Recursos 2 Proyectos de Diseño Dispones de 15 minutos para presentarlos Y tienes la opción de solicitar feed-back en directo o no Imprescindible para acabar el M2!!
Notas del editor
- . ¿Qué técnicas de diseño tengo a mi disposición y cómo se cuando aplicarlas? Parte 1 Existen multitud de métodos de diseño y es importante elegir el que mejor se ajuste a las circunstancias y objetivos. En está clase veremos algunos de esos métodos y hablaremos de los criterios para utilizarlos.
- Nuestras mentes, sin excepción, son el producto de la DestructoCultura, por lo que sus formas y principios, y especialmente sus patrones de opresión (en su mayoría ocultos o inconscientes), afectan a todo lo que pensamos y hacemos. Así, sería muy difícil crear algo verdaderamente nuevo si vamos arrastrando los patrones destructivos en nuestros nuevos diseños. En muchos casos tenemos que ir directamente contra ellos, y también contra mucho de lo que nos parece ‘normal’ y especialmente ‘confortable’. Las éticas cumplen en gran medida la función de ir contra los patrones más fuertes de la DestructoCultura, ya que son directamente opuestos a las éticas principales de ésta. Para ayudar a guiarnos más en los detalles de nuestro trabajo, también tenemos unos principios que seguimos, que se compilan en los principios ecológicos, los principios de actitud (o ‘mollisonianos’) y los principios de diseño. En este árbol están colocados de forma gráfica, aunque no se leen muy bien…
- Approximate and true golden spirals: the green spiral is made from quarter-circles tangent to the interior of each square, while the red spiral is a golden spiral, a special type of logarithmic spiral . Overlapping portions appear yellow . The length of the side of a larger square to the next smaller square is in the golden ratio .
- People see winter as a cold and gloomy time in nature. The days are short. Snow blankets the ground. Lakes and ponds freeze, and animals scurry to burrows to wait for spring. The rainbow of red, yellow and orange autumn leaves has been blown away by the wind turning trees into black skeletons that stretch bony fingers of branches into the sky. It seems like nature has disappeared. n eed caption But when I went on a winter hiking trip in the Catskill Mountains in New York, I noticed something strange about the shape of the tree branches. I thought trees were a mess of tangled branches, but I saw a pattern in the way the tree branches grew. I took photos of the branches on different types of trees, and the pattern became clearer. The branches seemed to have a spiral pattern that reached up into the sky. I had a hunch that the trees had a secret to tell about this shape. Investigating this secret led me on an expedition from the Catskill Mountains to the ancient Sanskrit poetry of India; from the 13th-century streets of Pisa, Italy, and a mysterious mathematical formula called the "divine number" to an 18th-century naturalist who saw this mathematical formula in nature; and, finally, to experimenting with the trees in my own backyard. My investigation asked the question of whether there is a secret formula in tree design and whether the purpose of the spiral pattern is to collect sunlight better. After doing research, I put together test tools, experiments and design models to investigate how trees collect sunlight. At the end of my research project, I put the pieces of this natural puzzle together, and I discovered the answer. But the best part was that I discovered a new way to increase the efficiency of solar panels at collecting sunlight! My investigation started with trying to understand the spiral pattern. I found the answer with a medieval mathematician and an 18th-century naturalist. In 1209 in Pisa, Leonardo of Pisano, also known as "Fibonacci," used his skills to answer a math puzzle about how fast rabbits could reproduce in pairs over a period of time. While counting his newborn rabbits, Fibonacci came up with a numerical sequence. Fibonacci used patterns in ancient Sanskrit poetry from India to make a sequence of numbers starting with zero (0) and one (1). Fibonacci added the last two numbers in the series together, and the sum became the next number in the sequence. The number sequence started to look like this: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34... . The number pattern had the formula Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2 and became the Fibonacci sequence. But it seemed to have mystical powers! When the numbers in the sequence were put in ratios, the value of the ratio was the same as another number, φ, or "phi," which has a value of 1.618. The number "phi" is nicknamed the "divine number" (Posamentier). Scientists and naturalists have discovered the Fibonacci sequence appearing in many forms in nature, such as the shape of nautilus shells, the seeds of sunflowers, falcon flight patterns and galaxies flying through space. What's more mysterious is that the "divine" number equals your height divided by the height of your torso, and even weirder, the ratio of female bees to male bees in a typical hive! (Livio) The spiral o n trees showing the Fibonacci Sequence Aidan studied leaf arrangments Aidan measuring the spiral patt e r n In 1754, a naturalist named Charles Bonnet observed that pl a n ts sprout branches and leaves in a pattern, called phyllotaxis. Bonnet saw that tree branches and leaves had a mathematical spiral pattern that could be shown as a fraction. The amazing thing is that the mathematical fractions were the same numbers as the Fibonacci sequence! On the oak tree, the Fibonacci fraction is 2/5, which means that the spiral takes five branches to spiral two times around the trunk to complete one pattern. Other trees with the Fibonacci leaf arrangement are the elm tree (1/2); the beech (1/3); the willow (3/8) and the almond tree (5/13) (Livio, Adler). I now had my first piece of the puzzle but it did not answer the question, Why do trees have this pattern? I had the next mystery to solve. I designed experiments that attacked this question, but first I had to do field tests to understand the spiral pattern. I built a test tool to measure the spiral pattern of different species of trees. I took a clear plastic tube and attached two circle protractors that could be rotated up and down the tube. When I put a test branch in the tube, I aligned the zero degree mark on one compass to match up with the first offshoot branch. I then moved and rotated the second compass up to the next branch spot. The second compass measured the angle between the two spots. I recorded the measurement and then moved up the branch step-by-step. I collected samples of branches that fell to the ground from different trees, and I made measurements. My results confirmed that the Fibonacci sequence was behind the pattern. But the question of why remained. I knew that branches and leaves collected sunlight for photosynthesis, so my next experiments investigated if the Fibonacci pattern helped. I needed a way to measure and compare the amount of sunlight collected by the pattern. I came up with the idea that I could copy the pattern of branches and leaves with solar panels and compare it with another pattern. Diagram of tree model that Aidan made with his computer. I designed and built my own test model, copying the Fibonacci pattern of a n oak tree. I studied my results with the compass tool a nd figured out the branch angles. The pattern was about 137 degrees and the Fibonacci sequence was 2/5. Then I built a model using this pattern from PVC tubing. In place of leaves, I used PV solar panels hooked up in series that produced up to 1/2 volt, so the peak output of the model was 5 volts. The entire design copied the pattern of an oak tree as closely as possible. Aidan building his solar "tree" collector The flat-panel collector I needed to compare the tree design pattern's performance. I made a second model that was based on how man-made solar p a nel arrays are designed. The second model was a flat-panel array that was mounted a t 45 degrees. It had the s ame type and number of PV solar panels as the tree design, and the same peak voltage. My idea was to track how much sunlight each model collected under the same conditions by watching how much voltage each model made. I measured the performance of each model with a data logger. This recorded the voltage that each model made over a period of time. The data logger could download the measurements to a computer, and I could see the results in graphs. The two models collecting sunlight Graph: Tree Design Graph: Standard Solar Winter test showing energy collection of the tree and the flat-panel collector Graph comparing the two solar collector designs A typical solar collector I set the two model s in the same location in my backyar d facing the southern sky and measu r e d their output ove r a couple of month s . I moved the test loc ation around to vary t h e conditions. The sunlight conditions were also important. I started my measure ments in October and tested my models through December. At that time of year th e winter solstice was coming, and the Sun was mov ing into a lower declination in the sky. The amo u nt of sunshine was shortening. So I was testing the Fibonacci pattern under the most difficult circumstances for collecting sunlight. I compared my results on graphs, and they were interesting! The Fibonacci tree design performed better than the flat-panel model. The tree design made 20% more electricity and collected 2 1/2 more hours of sunlight during the day. But the most interesting results were in December, when the Sun was at its lowest point in the sky. The tree design made 50% more electricity, and the collection time of sunlight was up to 50% longer! I had my first evidence that the Fibonacci pattern helped to collect more sunlight. But now I had to go back and figure out why it worked better. I also began to think that I might have found a new way to use nature to make solar panels work better. I learned that making power from the Sun is not easy. The photovoltaic ("PV") array is the way to do it. A photovoltaic array is a linked collection of multiple solar cells. Making electricity requires as much sunlight as possible. At high noon on a cloudless day at the equator, the power of the Sun is about 1 kilowatt per square meter at the Earth's surface (Komp). Sounds easy to catch some rays, right? But the Sun doesn't stand still. It moves through the sky, and the angle of its rays in regions outside the equator change with the seasons. This makes collecting sunlight tricky for PV arrays. Some PV arrays use tracking systems to keep the panels pointing at the Sun, but these are expensive and need maintenance. So most PV arrays use fixed mounts that face south (or north if you are below the equator). Fixed mounts have other problems. When a PV array is shaded by another object, like a tree or a house, the solar panels get backed up with electrons like cars in a traffic jam, and the current drops. Dirt, rain, snow and changes in temperature can also hurt electricity production by as much as half! (Komp) I began to see how nature beat this problem. Collecting sunlight is key to the survival of a tree. Leaves are the solar panels of trees, collecting sunlight for photosynthesis. Collecting the most sunlight is the difference between life and death. Trees in a forest are competing with other trees and plants for sunlight, and even each branch and leaf on a tree are competing with each other for sunlight. Evolution chose the Fibonacci pattern to help trees track the Sun moving in the sky and to collect the most sunlight even in the thickest forest. I saw patterns that showed that the tree design avoided the problem of shade from other objects. Electricity dropped in the flat-panel array when shade fell on it. But the tree design kept making electricity under the same conditions. The Fibonacci pattern allowed some solar panels to collect sunlight even if others were in shade. Plus I observed that the Fibonacci pattern helped the branches and leaves on a tree to avoid shading each other. My conclusions suggest that the Fibonacci pattern in trees makes an evolutionary difference. This is probably why the Fibonacci pattern is found in deciduous trees living in higher latitudes. The Fibonacci pattern gives plants like the oak tree a competitive edge while collecting sunlight when the Sun moves through the sky. My investigation has created more questions to answer. Why are there different Fibonacci patterns among trees? Is one pattern more efficient than another? More testing of other types of trees is needed. I am testing different Fibonacci patterns now. I am improving my tree design model to see if it could be a new way of making panel arrays. My most recent tries with a bigger test model were successful. The tree design takes up less room than flat-panel arrays and works in spots that don't have a full southern view. It collects more sunlight in winter. Shade and bad weather like snow don't hurt it because the panels are not flat. It even looks nicer because it looks like a tree. A design like this may work better in urban areas where space and direct sunlight can be hard to find. But the best part of what I learned was that even in the darkest days of winter, nature is still trying to tell us its secrets!
- fibonacci series solar panels http://universitam.com/academicos/?p=11155
- A Systems Engineering solution begins by accurately identifying the needs, goals, and objectives of your project. Some definitions "An interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems" [6] — INCOSE handbook, 2004. "System engineering is a robust approach to the design, creation, and operation of systems. In simple terms, the approach consists of identification and quantification of system goals, creation of alternative system design concepts, performance of design trades, selection and implementation of the best design, verification that the design is properly built and integrated, and post-implementation assessment of how well the system meets (or met) the goals." [7] — NASA Systems Engineering Handbook, 1995. "The Art and Science of creating effective systems, using whole system, whole life principles" OR "The Art and Science of creating optimal solution systems to complex issues and problems" [8] — Derek Hitchins, Prof. of Systems Engineering, former president of INCOSE (UK), 2007. "The concept from the engineering standpoint is the evolution of the engineering scientist, i.e., the scientific generalist who maintains a broad outlook. The method is that of the team approach. On large-scale-system problems, teams of scientists and engineers, generalists as well as specialists, exert their joint efforts to find a solution and physically realize it...The technique has been variously called the systems approach or the team development method." [9] — Harry H. Goode & Robert E. Machol, 1957. "The systems engineering method recognizes each system is an integrated whole even though composed of diverse, specialized structures and sub-functions. It further recognizes that any system has a number of objectives and that the balance between them may differ widely from system to system. The methods seek to optimize the overall system functions according to the weighted objectives and to achieve maximum compatibility of its parts." [10] — Systems Engineering Tools by Harold Chestnut, 1965.
- A Systems Engineering solution begins by accurately identifying the needs, goals, and objectives of your project.