Este documento describe el proceso de producción de ensilado biológico y biofertilizante a partir de residuos y descartes del procesamiento de recursos hidrobiológicos utilizando bacterias ácido lácticas. Se detalla el proceso de producción de ensilado biológico de residuos de concha de abanico y de pescado, así como sus características nutricionales y ventajas comerciales. Adicionalmente, se explica el proceso de aislamiento de bacterias ácido lácticas a partir de bebidas ferment
This document provides guidelines for upgrading small-medium shrimp hatcheries in Vietnam to meet certification standards. It discusses the ideal hatchery layout, including separate buildings for maturation, larviculture, algae and artemia production. Dimensioning calculations are presented to estimate tank sizes based on desired post-larvae output. Infrastructure upgrades are proposed, such as adding a quarantine station, improving water treatment, and installing standardized tanks and equipment. Detailed standard operating procedures then cover topics like broodstock management, larviculture, algae production, and record keeping.
Fish for Better Nutrition: Policies and Strategies for Increased Production o...WorldFish
This document outlines Bangladesh's policies and strategies for increasing production of nutrient-rich small fish. It discusses Bangladesh's fisheries resources, production levels, and contributions to the economy and food security. It emphasizes the importance of small fish for nutrition and livelihoods of the poor. Strategies proposed include habitat restoration, fish sanctuaries, stock enhancement, and community-based floodplain and pond management. The goal is to develop policies that promote small fish diversity in wetlands and adoption of pond and rice-field polyculture technologies.
Nutrients are substance which Nourish the body, promote growth, maintain and repair the body.
Nutrients can be divided into macro and micro nutrients which both are vital for good health.
Macronutrients such as Proteins, lipids, ash and carbohydrate are present in fishes.
Micronutrient such as Vitamins and minerals are essential dietary elements that are essential in very small quantities that mean they must be supplied from outside to body.
Fish as a food has been playing key role in providing the nutrient to many animals as well as humans.
Fish provide essential nutrients especially protein and fat with high biological value so it is often referred as ‘rich food for poor people’.
Protein and fats are the major nutrients of fish which determine the nutritional value of fish.
Fish is a food with excellent nutritive value, which provides high quality protein and a large variety of vitamins and minerals i.e. vitamin A & D, magnesium and phosphorus.
The micro and macro nutrients present in fish makes it better from other animal protein sources. Fish makes a vital contribution to the survival and health of a significant portion of the world's population.
Fish is especially important in the developing world.
In some of Asia's poorest countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia) people derive as much as 75% of their daily protein from fish. In West Africa fish accounts for 30% of animal protein intake.
Fish play an energetic role in terms of nutritional, economic, cultural and recreational activities.
Principal components of Fish
1. Water: Depending upon fish type 86-82% of water is available in fish muscles.
2. Protein
3. Lipid: Fish have a particular role as a source of the long-chainomega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are major building stones of our neural system. These are important for optimal brain and neurodevelopment in children. Alternative sources of omega-3 fatty acids are found in many vegetable oils, but this is in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which needs to be converted into DHA. However, in our bodies the conversion from ALA into EPA and DHA is in most cases inefficient, making it difficult to rely only on vegetable oil during the most critical periods of our lives: namely, during pregnancy and the first two years of life (the 1000 day window).
4. Carbohydrates: Fish is an almost Zero- carbohydrate food, good for diabetes and other such patients.
5. Vitamins and minerals
Protein is essential biopolymer that is obtained from both animal and plants sources and these are commonly recognized as a abundant sources of nutrients needed for body growth and development.
Among a wide range of protein sources, fishes play an energetic role in terms of nutritional, economical, cultural, and recreational benefits in the human society; because these are considered to be the richest protein sources.
In developing countries, more than 60 million people rely on fishes and their by-products for income.
India is a major producer and exporter of fish and seafood. Marine fisheries contribute less than half of national fish production, with the remainder coming from inland fisheries and aquaculture. Aquaculture has become the mainstay of seafood exports, accounting for 90% of shrimp exports. Exports have grown significantly in recent years, with frozen shrimp, fish, cuttlefish and squid making up a large percentage of exports. Key export markets include Japan, USA, China, UAE, and Singapore. The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) acts as the coordinating agency for India's marine products industry.
CHEMICALS AND DRUGS USED IN SHRIMP AQUACULTUREICAR-CIFE
In aquaculture, as in all food production sectors, one of the external inputs required for successful fish production is chemical.
Chemicals are indeed an essential ingredient to successful aquaculture, which has been used in various forms for centuries (Subasinghe et al., 1996).
There is no doubt that some products are very useful, however, may not perform as claimed and farmers must evaluate the cost and benefits of treatment before investing in any products.
Information on how the product works should be studied. Several products have been sold without any explanation of their action.
Other alternatives could be used as bioremediation and use of probiotics, immunostimulants, vaccination, and alternative therapies.
distribution,biology,seed collection,nursery rearing and culture techniques o...Kavitha Cingam
This document discusses culture techniques for groupers, including important species, distribution, biology, habitat, nursery rearing, and grow-out. It describes experiments conducted to develop grouper broodstock in sea cages off Visakhapatnam, India. Broodfish were stocked and grown in cages and tanks, achieving higher survival and maturity in cages. Induced spawning trials were conducted, leading to the conclusion that sea cages are better than tanks for broodstock development and domestication of greasy groupers. This represents progress toward commercial grouper seed production and farming in India.
Hazard analysis and critical control point in aquacultureharapriya behera
This document discusses Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) in aquaculture. It defines key HACCP terms like hazard, hazard analysis, critical control point, critical limit, deviation, monitoring, corrective actions, verification, and record keeping. It explains the seven principles of HACCP: conduct hazard analysis, determine critical control points, establish critical limits, establish monitoring procedures, establish corrective actions, establish verification procedures, and establish record keeping procedures. For each principle, it provides details on how to implement that principle as part of a HACCP plan to ensure food safety is managed effectively in aquaculture operations.
La Acuicultura como Herramienta de Desarrollo para la Region de PunoNicolas Hurtado T.·.
El documento resume la situación actual y el potencial de la acuicultura en la región de Puno, Perú. Muestra que la producción acuícola mundial y peruana ha crecido rápidamente, con la acuicultura proporcionando más del 50% del pescado consumido globalmente. La región de Puno ha sido uno de los principales productores de trucha en Perú. La acuicultura puede contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria y la reducción de la pobreza al crear empleos, aumentar los ingresos y la disponibilidad de al
This document provides guidelines for upgrading small-medium shrimp hatcheries in Vietnam to meet certification standards. It discusses the ideal hatchery layout, including separate buildings for maturation, larviculture, algae and artemia production. Dimensioning calculations are presented to estimate tank sizes based on desired post-larvae output. Infrastructure upgrades are proposed, such as adding a quarantine station, improving water treatment, and installing standardized tanks and equipment. Detailed standard operating procedures then cover topics like broodstock management, larviculture, algae production, and record keeping.
Fish for Better Nutrition: Policies and Strategies for Increased Production o...WorldFish
This document outlines Bangladesh's policies and strategies for increasing production of nutrient-rich small fish. It discusses Bangladesh's fisheries resources, production levels, and contributions to the economy and food security. It emphasizes the importance of small fish for nutrition and livelihoods of the poor. Strategies proposed include habitat restoration, fish sanctuaries, stock enhancement, and community-based floodplain and pond management. The goal is to develop policies that promote small fish diversity in wetlands and adoption of pond and rice-field polyculture technologies.
Nutrients are substance which Nourish the body, promote growth, maintain and repair the body.
Nutrients can be divided into macro and micro nutrients which both are vital for good health.
Macronutrients such as Proteins, lipids, ash and carbohydrate are present in fishes.
Micronutrient such as Vitamins and minerals are essential dietary elements that are essential in very small quantities that mean they must be supplied from outside to body.
Fish as a food has been playing key role in providing the nutrient to many animals as well as humans.
Fish provide essential nutrients especially protein and fat with high biological value so it is often referred as ‘rich food for poor people’.
Protein and fats are the major nutrients of fish which determine the nutritional value of fish.
Fish is a food with excellent nutritive value, which provides high quality protein and a large variety of vitamins and minerals i.e. vitamin A & D, magnesium and phosphorus.
The micro and macro nutrients present in fish makes it better from other animal protein sources. Fish makes a vital contribution to the survival and health of a significant portion of the world's population.
Fish is especially important in the developing world.
In some of Asia's poorest countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia) people derive as much as 75% of their daily protein from fish. In West Africa fish accounts for 30% of animal protein intake.
Fish play an energetic role in terms of nutritional, economic, cultural and recreational activities.
Principal components of Fish
1. Water: Depending upon fish type 86-82% of water is available in fish muscles.
2. Protein
3. Lipid: Fish have a particular role as a source of the long-chainomega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are major building stones of our neural system. These are important for optimal brain and neurodevelopment in children. Alternative sources of omega-3 fatty acids are found in many vegetable oils, but this is in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which needs to be converted into DHA. However, in our bodies the conversion from ALA into EPA and DHA is in most cases inefficient, making it difficult to rely only on vegetable oil during the most critical periods of our lives: namely, during pregnancy and the first two years of life (the 1000 day window).
4. Carbohydrates: Fish is an almost Zero- carbohydrate food, good for diabetes and other such patients.
5. Vitamins and minerals
Protein is essential biopolymer that is obtained from both animal and plants sources and these are commonly recognized as a abundant sources of nutrients needed for body growth and development.
Among a wide range of protein sources, fishes play an energetic role in terms of nutritional, economical, cultural, and recreational benefits in the human society; because these are considered to be the richest protein sources.
In developing countries, more than 60 million people rely on fishes and their by-products for income.
India is a major producer and exporter of fish and seafood. Marine fisheries contribute less than half of national fish production, with the remainder coming from inland fisheries and aquaculture. Aquaculture has become the mainstay of seafood exports, accounting for 90% of shrimp exports. Exports have grown significantly in recent years, with frozen shrimp, fish, cuttlefish and squid making up a large percentage of exports. Key export markets include Japan, USA, China, UAE, and Singapore. The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) acts as the coordinating agency for India's marine products industry.
CHEMICALS AND DRUGS USED IN SHRIMP AQUACULTUREICAR-CIFE
In aquaculture, as in all food production sectors, one of the external inputs required for successful fish production is chemical.
Chemicals are indeed an essential ingredient to successful aquaculture, which has been used in various forms for centuries (Subasinghe et al., 1996).
There is no doubt that some products are very useful, however, may not perform as claimed and farmers must evaluate the cost and benefits of treatment before investing in any products.
Information on how the product works should be studied. Several products have been sold without any explanation of their action.
Other alternatives could be used as bioremediation and use of probiotics, immunostimulants, vaccination, and alternative therapies.
distribution,biology,seed collection,nursery rearing and culture techniques o...Kavitha Cingam
This document discusses culture techniques for groupers, including important species, distribution, biology, habitat, nursery rearing, and grow-out. It describes experiments conducted to develop grouper broodstock in sea cages off Visakhapatnam, India. Broodfish were stocked and grown in cages and tanks, achieving higher survival and maturity in cages. Induced spawning trials were conducted, leading to the conclusion that sea cages are better than tanks for broodstock development and domestication of greasy groupers. This represents progress toward commercial grouper seed production and farming in India.
Hazard analysis and critical control point in aquacultureharapriya behera
This document discusses Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) in aquaculture. It defines key HACCP terms like hazard, hazard analysis, critical control point, critical limit, deviation, monitoring, corrective actions, verification, and record keeping. It explains the seven principles of HACCP: conduct hazard analysis, determine critical control points, establish critical limits, establish monitoring procedures, establish corrective actions, establish verification procedures, and establish record keeping procedures. For each principle, it provides details on how to implement that principle as part of a HACCP plan to ensure food safety is managed effectively in aquaculture operations.
La Acuicultura como Herramienta de Desarrollo para la Region de PunoNicolas Hurtado T.·.
El documento resume la situación actual y el potencial de la acuicultura en la región de Puno, Perú. Muestra que la producción acuícola mundial y peruana ha crecido rápidamente, con la acuicultura proporcionando más del 50% del pescado consumido globalmente. La región de Puno ha sido uno de los principales productores de trucha en Perú. La acuicultura puede contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria y la reducción de la pobreza al crear empleos, aumentar los ingresos y la disponibilidad de al
Este documento describe los preparativos y el proceso de cultivo de camarón en estanques acuícolas. Se realizaron limpiezas y reparaciones de las instalaciones previo al cultivo. Se monitorearon parámetros como oxígeno, temperatura y alimentación durante el ciclo. Los resultados incluyeron un peso promedio de 7g y supervivencia de 90% después de 11 semanas, con 55kg de camarón cosechado.
This document provides a review of antimicrobial resistance in fish aquaculture. It discusses the increasing use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture and the development and spread of resistance. Key points include:
1) Antimicrobial agents are commonly used in aquaculture for disease treatment and growth promotion, but their overuse and misuse has led to the development of resistance.
2) Resistance genes can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer, affecting the whole ecosystem.
3) Wastewater from aquaculture facilities contains high levels of antimicrobial residues and resistant bacteria, acting as reservoirs for resistance development.
4) There are risks to both animal and human health from antimicrobial resistant
Indian shrimp aquaculture production has grown significantly in recent years and is expected to surpass China as the world's largest producer. Production has increased to over 426,000 metric tons in 2014-15, up 30% from the previous year, driven primarily by the introduction and widespread adoption of the exotic whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Key challenges include improving farm productivity and profitability through better disease management and control, ensuring a sustainable supply of high quality broodstock, and maintaining strict compliance with food safety and residue standards for export markets. Future strategies focus on species diversification, development of captive broodstock programs, adoption of biosecurity measures, and comprehensive health management.
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in finfish (IHNV)Avijit Pramanik
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is a viral disease affecting salmonid fish that was first recognized in the 1950s. The causative agent is the IHN virus (IHNV), a bullet-shaped RNA virus from the genus Novirhabdovirus. IHNV spreads horizontally between fish and vertically through eggs. Clinical signs include darkening of skin, exophthalmia, and hemorrhaging. Diagnosis involves identifying necrotic cells in kidney smears, detecting the virus via RT-PCR or immunochemistry, and observing histopathological changes in tissues. Prevention focuses on good hygiene and using virus-free water supplies.
Este documento trata sobre la calidad del agua en piscicultura. Explica que la calidad del agua es importante para la sobrevivencia, salud y crecimiento de los peces. Se debe monitorear el oxígeno disuelto, pH, temperatura, color y amonio del agua. Detalla cómo medir estos parámetros y los niveles óptimos para el desarrollo de los peces. También indica posibles causas de mortalidad masiva de peces como deficiencia de oxígeno o exceso de amonio, y medidas correctivas.
EUS is an infection of freshwater and estuarine fish caused by the oomycete fungi Aphanomyces invadans. It is an epizootic disease affecting many fish in an area simultaneously. EUS causes ulceration of the skin and erosion of tissue, particularly on the tail and head. Advanced cases show necrosis in internal organs. Control involves stopping water flow, removing infected fish, applying lime or calcium hydroxide to raise pH, and introducing fresh water after 3 weeks. CIFA has also developed a medicine called CIFAX to treat and prevent EUS.
This presentation is Part 4 of a training program on Food Safety Practices for the Aquaculture Industry by Michigan State University, on 22 April 2013.
This document discusses shrimp cultivation in Bangladesh and its various impacts. It notes that shrimp farming began in the 1970s and relies on wild fry for stocking. The research aims to assess the social, environmental, and economic impacts of unplanned shrimp cultivation with high water salinity. These impacts include increased soil salinity, health effects on local populations, destruction of biodiversity, and imbalance in sustainability. While shrimp cultivation is economically important, proper management and an ecological model are needed to minimize its worse effects on coastal regions in Bangladesh.
Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur
Quality and Safety of Frozen Fish Products
The document discusses the quality and safety of frozen fish products. It notes that fish quality degrades through physical, chemical, and microbiological deterioration processes. Good quality fish should have a bacterial count of less than 105 per gram. The greatest health risk comes from consuming raw, undercooked, or insufficiently processed fish and fish products. The document also introduces different methods used to preserve fish, including physical and chemical methods, to reduce spoilage and ensure safety for human consumption.
1. O documento descreve os conceitos básicos relacionados a embarcações, marés e navegação costeira, incluindo direções, movimentos, balizamento e regras de navegação.
2. São definidos termos como proa, popa, bordos, direções relativas, medidas lineares, deslocamento, tipos de marés e suas dinâmicas.
3. Inclui também seções sobre âncoras, fundeio, sinalização, regras de navegação e conceitos básicos de meteorologia náutica.
Este documento trata sobre la concha de abanico (Argopecten purpuratus), incluyendo su taxonomía, morfología, características ambientales, reproducción y cultivo. La concha de abanico se distribuye geográficamente desde Nicaragua hasta Chile y vive en aguas costeras entre 5-30 metros de profundidad. En Perú existen varios bancos naturales de esta especie, y se cultiva principalmente en zonas de Ancash, Lima, Pisco y Piura. Su cultivo consiste en la reproducción de larvas en hatcheries
The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages from a book or manual. It contains images of many pages with text and diagrams but no clear overall narrative or topic. The pages discuss a variety of technical topics including electrical components, wiring diagrams, schematics and other engineering concepts. However, it is difficult to determine the overall purpose or subject of the material from the scanned pages alone without any surrounding context or explanation.
This document discusses various by-products that can be obtained from fish processing including fish maws, isinglass, pearl essence, fertilizer, beche-de-mer, snail meat, and jellyfish. It provides details on the production processes for each by-product, such as how fish maws and isinglass are extracted from swim bladders and their various uses. The document also outlines methods for processing snail meat, beche-de-mer, and jellyfish for human consumption or other applications.
The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages from a book or manual. It contains images of many pages with text and diagrams but no clear overall context or narrative to summarize. Each page seems to cover a different technical topic related to machinery, mechanics, or engineering. However, without being able to read the full text, it is difficult to provide an informative high-level summary in 3 sentences or less.
This document provides information about establishing a shrimp farm. It discusses the project idea, production methods, seed supply, land requirements, costs, pricing, and market opportunities. The intensive method uses circular tanks that are 2 meters high with a sand substrate and flow-through water circulation system. Stocking density ranges from 200-250 shrimp per square meter. Production ranges from 1.5 to 3 tons per 1000 ton tank. The document also includes financial projections, pricing, and information on the growing global market for shrimp exports.
Live feed enrichment,Biorouting of nutrients.Chemo-therapeutants & othergrowt...SukalpaMandal1
This document discusses various techniques for enriching live feeds used in fish hatcheries, including rotifers and artemia. It describes enriching live feeds with fatty acids, vitamins, proteins, minerals, and probiotics to improve their nutritional value for fish larvae. The document also discusses bio-routing of nutrients in aquaculture ponds and the use of chemotherapeutants, antibiotics, and other growth promoting agents to treat diseases and promote growth in farmed fish.
Este capítulo presenta nociones generales sobre la acuicultura. Define acuicultura como la cría controlada de organismos acuáticos en ambientes naturales o artificiales. Explica que la acuicultura incluye el cultivo de peces, moluscos, crustáceos y plantas acuáticas. Además, señala que la acuicultura es una de las actividades agropecuarias de mayor crecimiento en el mundo y una alternativa para mitigar la sobreexplotación de los recursos hidrobiológicos. Finalmente, menciona
A Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System, also known as a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), is a modern and sustainable approach to fish farming that minimizes water usage by continuously recycling and treating the water within a closed system. In this system, water is reused and treated to maintain optimal water quality for fish while reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture methods.
The key components of a minimal water exchange aquaculture system include:
1. Fish Tanks: These are the primary units where fish are raised. The tanks are designed to provide suitable conditions for fish growth, such as appropriate water depth, temperature, and oxygen levels.
2. Filtration System: RAS incorporates various filtration components to remove solid waste, excess nutrients, and harmful substances from the water. Mechanical filters remove large particles, while biological filters foster beneficial bacteria that convert toxic ammonia into less harmful substances.
3. Water Treatment: Water treatment technologies, such as UV sterilization or ozonation, are used to control pathogens and maintain water quality within acceptable parameters. These methods help to ensure a healthy environment for the fish.
4. Oxygenation: Adequate oxygen levels are critical for fish health. RAS employs techniques such as aerators, oxygen injectors, or oxygen cones to maintain dissolved oxygen levels throughout the system.
5. Monitoring and Control: RAS relies on advanced monitoring and control systems to continuously measure and regulate parameters such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and water flow. This ensures optimal conditions for fish growth and allows for timely adjustments if any deviations occur.
The benefits of a Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System (RAS) include:
1. Water Conservation: RAS significantly reduces water consumption by recycling and reusing water within the system. It helps conserve this valuable resource and minimizes the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture, which often requires large amounts of freshwater usage.
2. Improved Water Quality: The water in a RAS undergoes thorough filtration and treatment, resulting in high-quality water conditions for the fish. By removing waste and controlling water parameters, RAS helps minimize the risk of disease outbreaks and promotes optimal fish health.
3. Reduced Environmental Impact: The closed-loop nature of RAS prevents the release of excess nutrients and waste into the surrounding environment, minimizing the impact on natural ecosystems and reducing the risk of pollution.
4. Increased Production Density: RAS allows for higher stocking densities compared to traditional aquaculture systems. The controlled environment and efficient waste management of RAS enable farmers to maximize production within a smaller footprint.
5. Disease Control: The controlled and isolated environment of RAS helps minimize the risk of disease transmission
Brood stock management and larval rearing of mud crab scylla serrata-Gayatri ...Gayatri R. Kachh
This document provides information about the mud crab Scylla serrata, including its natural range, classification, life stages, and aquaculture practices. Key points include:
- S. serrata is an economically important crab species found in mangroves and estuaries in Africa, Australia, and Asia.
- Its life stages include juvenile, subadult, and adult crabs that inhabit different zones, as well as larvae and megalopae.
- Aquaculture of S. serrata involves maintaining broodstock for breeding and larval rearing, then culturing megalopae through to market size in ponds. Proper water quality, feeding, and health management are
1. Nutritional diseases in shrimp can result from deficiencies or imbalances of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals in their diet. Some key nutritional diseases include soft shell syndrome, blue disease, red disease, and cramp tail syndrome.
2. Soft shell syndrome is caused by calcium and phosphorus deficiencies and results in thin, dark shells and slowed growth. Blue disease is caused by low levels of the carotenoid astaxanthin, which is important for pigmentation. Red disease is caused by aflatoxin poisoning from contaminated shrimp feeds. Cramp tail syndrome may be due to potassium, calcium, sodium, or magnesium imbalances.
3. Proper feeding practices and high
Este documento describe varias alternativas biotecnológicas para tratar las aguas residuales generadas por la industria láctea en Nariño, Colombia. Estas incluyen la biorremediación usando microorganismos, la producción de biopolímeros como los polihidroxialcanoatos a partir del suero de leche, el cultivo de microalgas para la producción de biocombustibles, y la fermentación del suero para producir ácido cítrico. Estas alternativas permitirían tratar las aguas residuales mientras
Este documento resume los avances en la industria cárnica en áreas como la innovación en el desarrollo, la calidad de los productos, la adición de antimicrobianos naturales, la innovación en envases, nuevas tecnologías y avances en equipos. Se describen innovaciones como el uso de proteínas alternativas, nuevos sabores, reducción de aditivos químicos y el desarrollo de envases activos y tecnologías no térmicas para la conservación como la presurización, electrones acelerados y pulsos de luz
Este documento describe los preparativos y el proceso de cultivo de camarón en estanques acuícolas. Se realizaron limpiezas y reparaciones de las instalaciones previo al cultivo. Se monitorearon parámetros como oxígeno, temperatura y alimentación durante el ciclo. Los resultados incluyeron un peso promedio de 7g y supervivencia de 90% después de 11 semanas, con 55kg de camarón cosechado.
This document provides a review of antimicrobial resistance in fish aquaculture. It discusses the increasing use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture and the development and spread of resistance. Key points include:
1) Antimicrobial agents are commonly used in aquaculture for disease treatment and growth promotion, but their overuse and misuse has led to the development of resistance.
2) Resistance genes can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer, affecting the whole ecosystem.
3) Wastewater from aquaculture facilities contains high levels of antimicrobial residues and resistant bacteria, acting as reservoirs for resistance development.
4) There are risks to both animal and human health from antimicrobial resistant
Indian shrimp aquaculture production has grown significantly in recent years and is expected to surpass China as the world's largest producer. Production has increased to over 426,000 metric tons in 2014-15, up 30% from the previous year, driven primarily by the introduction and widespread adoption of the exotic whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Key challenges include improving farm productivity and profitability through better disease management and control, ensuring a sustainable supply of high quality broodstock, and maintaining strict compliance with food safety and residue standards for export markets. Future strategies focus on species diversification, development of captive broodstock programs, adoption of biosecurity measures, and comprehensive health management.
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in finfish (IHNV)Avijit Pramanik
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is a viral disease affecting salmonid fish that was first recognized in the 1950s. The causative agent is the IHN virus (IHNV), a bullet-shaped RNA virus from the genus Novirhabdovirus. IHNV spreads horizontally between fish and vertically through eggs. Clinical signs include darkening of skin, exophthalmia, and hemorrhaging. Diagnosis involves identifying necrotic cells in kidney smears, detecting the virus via RT-PCR or immunochemistry, and observing histopathological changes in tissues. Prevention focuses on good hygiene and using virus-free water supplies.
Este documento trata sobre la calidad del agua en piscicultura. Explica que la calidad del agua es importante para la sobrevivencia, salud y crecimiento de los peces. Se debe monitorear el oxígeno disuelto, pH, temperatura, color y amonio del agua. Detalla cómo medir estos parámetros y los niveles óptimos para el desarrollo de los peces. También indica posibles causas de mortalidad masiva de peces como deficiencia de oxígeno o exceso de amonio, y medidas correctivas.
EUS is an infection of freshwater and estuarine fish caused by the oomycete fungi Aphanomyces invadans. It is an epizootic disease affecting many fish in an area simultaneously. EUS causes ulceration of the skin and erosion of tissue, particularly on the tail and head. Advanced cases show necrosis in internal organs. Control involves stopping water flow, removing infected fish, applying lime or calcium hydroxide to raise pH, and introducing fresh water after 3 weeks. CIFA has also developed a medicine called CIFAX to treat and prevent EUS.
This presentation is Part 4 of a training program on Food Safety Practices for the Aquaculture Industry by Michigan State University, on 22 April 2013.
This document discusses shrimp cultivation in Bangladesh and its various impacts. It notes that shrimp farming began in the 1970s and relies on wild fry for stocking. The research aims to assess the social, environmental, and economic impacts of unplanned shrimp cultivation with high water salinity. These impacts include increased soil salinity, health effects on local populations, destruction of biodiversity, and imbalance in sustainability. While shrimp cultivation is economically important, proper management and an ecological model are needed to minimize its worse effects on coastal regions in Bangladesh.
Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur
Quality and Safety of Frozen Fish Products
The document discusses the quality and safety of frozen fish products. It notes that fish quality degrades through physical, chemical, and microbiological deterioration processes. Good quality fish should have a bacterial count of less than 105 per gram. The greatest health risk comes from consuming raw, undercooked, or insufficiently processed fish and fish products. The document also introduces different methods used to preserve fish, including physical and chemical methods, to reduce spoilage and ensure safety for human consumption.
1. O documento descreve os conceitos básicos relacionados a embarcações, marés e navegação costeira, incluindo direções, movimentos, balizamento e regras de navegação.
2. São definidos termos como proa, popa, bordos, direções relativas, medidas lineares, deslocamento, tipos de marés e suas dinâmicas.
3. Inclui também seções sobre âncoras, fundeio, sinalização, regras de navegação e conceitos básicos de meteorologia náutica.
Este documento trata sobre la concha de abanico (Argopecten purpuratus), incluyendo su taxonomía, morfología, características ambientales, reproducción y cultivo. La concha de abanico se distribuye geográficamente desde Nicaragua hasta Chile y vive en aguas costeras entre 5-30 metros de profundidad. En Perú existen varios bancos naturales de esta especie, y se cultiva principalmente en zonas de Ancash, Lima, Pisco y Piura. Su cultivo consiste en la reproducción de larvas en hatcheries
The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages from a book or manual. It contains images of many pages with text and diagrams but no clear overall narrative or topic. The pages discuss a variety of technical topics including electrical components, wiring diagrams, schematics and other engineering concepts. However, it is difficult to determine the overall purpose or subject of the material from the scanned pages alone without any surrounding context or explanation.
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The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages from a book or manual. It contains images of many pages with text and diagrams but no clear overall context or narrative to summarize. Each page seems to cover a different technical topic related to machinery, mechanics, or engineering. However, without being able to read the full text, it is difficult to provide an informative high-level summary in 3 sentences or less.
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The benefits of a Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System (RAS) include:
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La fase luminosa, fase clara, fase fotoquímica o reacción de Hill es la primera fase de la fotosíntesis, que depende directamente de la luz o energía lumínica para poder obtener energía química en forma de ATP y NADPH, a partir de la disociación de moléculas de agua, formando oxígeno e hidrógeno.
2. PRODUCCION DE ENSILADO
BIOLOGICO Y BIOFERTILIZANTE, A
PARTIR DE RESIDUOS Y DESCARTES
DEL PROCESAMIENTO DE
RECURSOS HIDROBIOLOGICOS
3. PLANTA ENSILADO ITP
La planta de ensilados del ITP,
pertenece al Área de
subproductos industriales de
la Dirección General de
desarrollo y Procesamiento
Tecnológico (DGDPT),
financiada por el FONDEPES e
inaugurada en abril-1997.
4. ENSILADOS
EN ITP
A partir de 1989, se realizaron los primeros trabajos
de ensilados en el ITP, realizados por el Ing. Nicanor
Areche y Zizka Berenz. Estos trabajos de
investigación publicados en el Boletin Inv. Inst, Tec.
Pes. Vol. 3 N°1-1990 pagina 26-35 y 37-42 fueron:
- Ensilados de residuos de pescado por bacterias
de yogur.
- Inocuidad del ensilado de pescado en la
producción de vomito negro.
1997-2000, Se inaugura la primera planta piloto de
ensilados en el Perú, financiada por el FONDEPES,
en abril 1997.
2004, La planta de ensilados de Santa Rosa
Chiclayo, CEPPAR.
5. OBJETIVO DEL TRABAJO
• El propósito del presente trabajo fue
producir Ensilado biológico (EB) y
Biofertilizantes, a partir de residuos
y descartes generados en las
actividades del procesamiento de
recursos hidrobiologicos utilizando
bacterias acido lácticas, aisladas de
bebidas fermentadas, para la
utilización en alimentos acuícolas y
en la agricultura.
6. PROBLEMÁTICA/SOLUCION
El desarrollo de la industria pesquera a nivel industrial
y artesanal en nuestro país genera una gran cantidad
de residuos y pérdidas en el manejo, almacenamiento,
distribución y comercialización, los cuales representan
alrededor de 29 millones de toneladas de desechos a
nivel mundial (FAO, 2009).
En el Perú en el 2013 se capturó 6 016, 1 de
toneladas de recursos hidrobiológicos, esto ocasiona
desperdicio de proteína de alta calidad y un aumento
de la contaminación ambiental.
Dentro de los aprovechamientos más sustentables de
estos deshechos el Instituto Tecnológico de la
Producción ITP, a través de la DGDPT- Área de
subproductos industriales ha desarrollado dos
productos: Ensilado biológico y Biofertilizantes
obteniendo productos de bajo costo y alto valor
nutricional dirigido a la acuicultura y agricultura.
7. RESIDUOS DE Concha de
abanico, SECHURA
En el año 2013 se generaron 2 832 Tm
de residuos de concha de abanico que
fueron al botadero municipal de
Sechura.
DS N°05-2011 PRODUCE, Reglamento
del procesamiento de descartes y/o
residuos de recursos hidrobiológicos
DS N°017-2011-PRODUCE.
Plantas de reaprovechamiento de
descartes y residuos de recursos
hidrobiológicos.
8. DESEMBARQUE DE RECURSOS HIDROBIOLOGICOS MARINOS
SEGÚN UTILIZACION: ENE-DIC 2013
Miles de TM
TIPO DE UTILIZACION 2012 2013 VAR %
ENE-DIC
2013/2012ENE-DIC ENE-DIC
TOTAL 4 861,3 6 016,1 23,8
CONSUMO HUMANO DIRECTO 1 165,0 1 250,4 7,3
ENLATADO
CONGELADO
CURADO
FRESCO
125,4
672,9
37,0
329,7
144,0
633,6
54,0
418,7
14,9
-5,8
45,9
27,0
CONSUMO HUMANO INDIRECTO 3 696,3 4 765,7 28,9
ANCHOVETA
OTRAS ESPECIES
3 693,9
2,4
4 754,1
11,6
28,7
382,3
9. ENSILADO BIOLOGICO DE
PESCADO (EB RCA)
Es un método de conservación basado
en dos fenómenos, que se
complementan.
- La acidificación, producida por
bacterias acido lácticas (BAL)
- La hidrolisis de las proteínas por
enzimas proteolíticas, estas
alcanzan su mayor actividad cuando
el pH se reduce a valor próximos a
4. También a este pH inhibe el
crecimiento de bacterias
putrefactivas y patógenas (Borghesi
et.al, 2008; Bello, 1994; Parin y Zugarramurdi,
1994; Cordova y Bello, 1990; Ojeda, 1993;
Torres, 2007)
10. ENSILADO BIOLOGICO DE RESIDUOS DE CONCHA DE
ABANICO (EB-RCA)
El ensilado biológico de residuos de concha
de abanico provenientes de las actividades
de cultivo y procesamiento de la concha de
abanico (EB-RCA) es un producto de
consistencia pastosa de color marrón y olor
agradable, obtenido de la fermentación de
subproductos de la pesca y la adición de
melaza de caña y bacterias acido lácticas
(BAL). El EB-RCA, viene siendo usado
eficientemente en alimentación animal ya
que genera proteína de buena calidad y a su
vez contribuye a reducir un problema de
contaminación ambiental
11. El proceso de EBP se inicia con el acopio
inmediato de residuos sólidos de pescado
(cabeza, vísceras, huesos), que son molidos y
mezclados con 5 % melaza de caña y 1%
bacterias acido láctica (BAL) y luego dejarlo al
ambiente a 48 horas. Este producto es estable
cuando el desciende significativamente el pH a
4.2
ENSILADO BIOLOGICO DE
PESCADO (EBP)
13. El EB de obtenidos a partir
de recursos hidrobiológicos,
puede ser utilizado en
sustitución de la harina de
pescado en dietas para
animales en proporciones
que van de 22-40% del total
de una formulación
determinada.
ENSILADOBIOLOGICODE
RESIDUOSDEPESCADO
14. FLUJO DE PROCESO DE ENSILADO
BIOLOGICO DE RESIDUOS DE CONCHA
DE ABANICO (EB-RCA)
116 °C x 45 minutos COCCION
2 Horas x Temp. Ambiente ENFRIAMIENTO
Diametro de 5 mm MOLIDO
MEZCLADO
35°C x 24 Hrs)
Diametro de 5 mm
40 °C x 22 Horas
Bolsas de 25 Kg
INCUBACION
PELETIZADO
SECADO
ENVASADO
MATERIA PRIMA
DISTRIBUCION
PRENSADO
Residuos de
productos
pesqueros
ALMACENAMIENTO
BAL +
MELAZA
19. FICHA TECNICA DE ENSILADO BIOLOGICO DE PESCADO (EBP)
FICHA TECNICA
ENSILADO BIOLOGICO DE PESCADO (EBP)
Descripción del Producto
Es un producto proteico acidificado estable, obtenido a partir de residuos y
descartes de productos pesqueros (vísceras de pescado y descartes del
procesamiento de productos para el consumo humano) que han sido sometidos
a un proceso de fermentación utilizando, bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL).
Este producto puede ser utilizado como fuente de proteína animal en la
formulación de alimentos para acuicultura
Ingredientes
Vísceras de pescado y descartes del procesamiento de productos pesqueros
para el consumo humano, melaza de caña y bacterias acido lácticas (BAL)
Características Sensoriales del
Producto.
Información Nutricional
Características Microbiológicas:
CARACTERISTICA SENSORIAL
ATRIBUTO CARACTERISTICA
ASPECTO Pellets de color marrón
OLOR Fermento, melaza de caña
SABOR Acido
TEXTURA Áspera al tacto
FORMA Granular
CARACTERISTICA FISICO QUIMICA
ENSAYO RESULTADOS
HUMEDAD 6-10 %
GRASA 20-24 %
PROTEINA 50-54 %
CARBOHIDRATOS 10-14 %
CENIZA 10-14 %
ENERGIA 420-488 KCAL
PH 3,8 – 4,2
AW 0,5 - 060
CARACTERISTICAS MICROBIOLOGICAS
ENSAYO RESULTADOS
AEROBIOS MESOFILOS VIABLES 70 000 UFC/g
DETECCION DE SALMONELA AUSENCIA 25/ g
RECUENTO DE ENTEROBACTERIAS < 10 UFC/ g
Forma de Consumo y Consumidores potenciales
Como insumo proteico en la elaboración de alimento balanceado para animales
de crianza en la acuicultura y otros.
Empaque y Presentaciones
Empaque primario: bolsas de Polietileno de alta densidad (10 Kg)
Empaque secundario: saco de polipropileno (10 Kg)
Vida útil esperada 12 meses almacenados a temperatura ambiente
Instrucciones en la etiqueta
Condiciones de almacenamiento
Fecha de Producción: dd/mm/aa; Fecha de Vencimiento: dd/mm/aa
Control especial en la distribución y
comercialización
Almacenar el producto en ambientes de humedad relativa controlada , en áreas
higiénicas y protegidas de la contaminación, evitando su deterioro y asegurando
que quede libre de cualquier factor o condición que signifique un peligro para la
integridad del envase y para la salud de los consumidores. Distribuir en
condiciones de temperatura ambiente
20. VENTAJAS COMERCIALES
12 meses de vida útil a temperatura ambiente
(No requiere refrigeración)
Producto microbiológicamente controlado y
estable
Probado eficientemente como sustituto de
insumos proteicos en dietas para animales
Mínimos requerimientos energéticos en los
procesos de producción
21. VENTAJAS COMERCIALES
Simple tecnología de procesamiento
Utiliza residuos o materias primas de bajo
costo subutilizadas comercialmente
Proceso industrial que no contamina el medio
ambiente
Producto altamente nutritivo, Probiotico y de
bajo costo
Producto húmedo que mezclado con otros
ingredientes puede ser “Pelletizado”
22. BACTERIAS ACIDO LACTICAS
(BAL)
Las Bacterias Acido Lácticas (BAL) son microorganismos
que tienen diversas aplicaciones, siendo una de las
principales la fermentación de alimentos como la leche ,
carne, pescado, y vegetales, para obtener productos como
el yogurt, quesos, encurtidos, embutidos, ensilados. Las
BAL, además de contribuir en la biopreservacion de los
alimentos, mejoran las características sensoriales como el
olor, sabor, textura y aumentan su calidad nutritiva. Las Bal
son probióticos y son usados en la industria alimentaria en
la elaboración de productos fermentados y como
complementos alimenticios con la finalidad de promover la
salud.
Probióticos, son microorganismos vivos que al ser
administrados en cantidades adecuadas proporcionan o
generan efectos beneficios a la salud del hospedero (FAO y
OMS 2001)
23. FLUJO DE PROCESO,
AISLAMIENTO DE BAL
CHICHA FERMENTADA
CALDO MRS-ROGOSA
AISLAMIENTO BAL
IDENTIFICACION
PRUEBAS EXPERIMETALES
Aislamiento de bacterias acido lácticas a partir
de bebidas fermentadas muy tradicional en
nuestro país, desde la época de los incas, que
tiene como ingrediente principal al maíz
fermentado.
Las bacterias acido lácticas (BAL), se aíslan
utilizando medios comerciales de Caldo MRS y
Agar MRS-Rogosa.
La identificación se realiza utilizando una
observación al microscopio, las BAL son bacilos
y luego un perfil de carbohidratos.
28. IDENTIFICACION DE BAL
Se aíslan las colonias de 2-3 mm de
diámetro y se observa al microscopio,
luego se realiza el perfil bioquímico de
carbohidratos.
35. COMPOSICION DEL ALIMENTO
ALIMENTO BALANCEADO PARA Paiche
(Arapaima gigas), ENGORDE
INSUMOS %
Ensilado B. P. 60
Harina de soya 20
Harina de maíz 10
Aceite 8
Premix 2
36. CENTRO DE INNOVACION PRODUCTIVA Y
TRANSFERENCIA TECNOLOGICA,CITE-PESQUERO
PIURA JULIO 2017
Blgo. J. Sanchez H.
39. BIOFERTILIZANTES
DEFINICION: Es un producto que se obtiene de los
residuos y descartes de las actividades provenientes del
procesamiento de la concha de abanico, el cual se ha
adicionado una fuente de carbohidratos, enzimas y
hongos y/o bacterias acido lácticas BAL, dejándolo en
maduración 7-10 días, obteniendo un producto licuado
y con pH de 4.6
40. BIOFERTILIZANTE
116 °C x 45 minutos MOLIDO
MEZCLADO
TEMPERATURA AMBIENTE 3-4 DIAS
Bolsas de 25 Kg
FLUJO DE PROCESO
FERMENTACON
PRODUCTO FINAL
SECADO
ENVASADO
MATERIA PRIMA
DISTRIBUCION
Residuos de
productos
pesqueros
ALMACENAMIENTO
BAL/HONGO
+ MELAZA+
ENZIMA
41. FICHA TECNICA BIOFERTILIZANTE DE RESIDUOS Y DESCARTES DE CONCHA DE ABANICO
FICHA TECNICA
BIOFERTILIZANTE MARINO
Descripción del Producto
Es un producto líquido proteico estable, obtenido a partir de residuos y
descartes de conchas de abanico, melaza y bacterias acido lácticas, que han
sido sometidos a un proceso de fermentación e hidrólisis.
Este producto puede ser utilizado abono 100% orgánico debido a que posee
minerales (N, P, K), aminoácidos y el pH adecuado.
Ingredientes
Residuos y descartes provenientes del desvalve o eviscerado del
procesamiento de la concha de abanico, melaza de caña y bacterias ácido
lácticas.
Características Sensoriales del
Producto.
Información Nutricional
Características Microbiológicas:
Aspecto :
Olor :
Sabor :
Textura :
Forma :
Liquido ligeramente viscoso de color marrón
Característico del producto, predominantemente a
mar y frutas.
Ácido
Viscosa
Líquida
Características Físicoquímicas:
Humedad : 75 – 80%
Grasa : 2 – 7 %
Proteína : 10 – 12 %
Fosforo : 33.7 mg/100g
Nitrógeno : 1000mg/100g
Carbohidrato : 2– 3 %
Ceniza : 4 – 6 %
pH : 4.5 – 4.8
Aw : 1
Características Microbiológicas:
Aerobios Mesófilos : 21x107
UFC/g
Coliformes totales : < 3,0 NMP/g
Escherichia coli : < 3,0 NMP/g
Utilización
Este producto puede ser utilizado abono 100% orgánico debido a que posee
minerales, aminoácidos y el pH adecuado.
Empaque y Presentaciones Empaque primario: Baldes de plástico de 20 L.
Vida útil esperada 12 meses almacenados a temperatura ambiente, bajo sombra.
Instrucciones en la etiqueta
Condiciones de almacenamiento
Fecha de Producción: dd/mm/aa; Fecha de Vencimiento: dd/mm/aa
Control especial en la distribución y
comercialización
Almacenar el producto en ambientes de humedad relativa controlada , en áreas
higiénicas y protegidas de la contaminación, evitando su deterioro y
asegurando que quede libre de cualquier factor o condición que signifique un
peligro para la integridad del envase. Distribuir en condiciones de temperatura
ambiente