Secuencias Textuales 2

Cuando las personas se expresan de manera oral o escrita están produciendo
cualquier manifestación o emisión hablada o escrita de cualquier longitud, desde un enunciado a un libro entero que teng
texto es producido para alcanzar una meta comunicativa,
determinada. (Casany, 1994) Por otro lado, un texto es el resultado de un acto de comunicación cuya extensión y carácter depe
la intención del hablante; intención que puede ser doble. Una inte
intención ilocutiva: el deseo de lograr un determinado efecto.
La estructura básica de un texto escrito consta de tres partes:
INTRODUCCIÓN: Comienzo que sitúa al lector en el tema qu
la ubicación contextual del tópico. (Lugar, tiempo, población, etc. que sirven de referencia al tema a desarrollar). La intro
también para sugerir como estará organizado el escrito. Su función prin
comprender el tema que se desarrollará.
DESARROLLO O CUERPO:
pensamiento central presentado de manera general
controlados por una idea principal. Su función es dar a conocer en detalle el tema que dio origen al texto.
CONCLUSIÓN: Es el resumen de los aspectos tratados en el desarrollo. Por
podría decir que la conclusión es un conjunto de frases que dan fin al trabajo escrito, donde se expone las posturas
y/o las ideas finales del escritor.
En los textos escritos la información es presentada en párrafos o secciones, e
del propósito comunicativo que el escritor quiera expresar, es decir que el discurso puede estar organizado en
diferentes secuencias textuales tales como: narración, descripción, instrucción y proceso (Casamiglia y Tusón, 2002
Estos autores afirman que aunque un texto pueda ser homogéneo (estar escrito usando una sola secuencia) muchos
otros muestran una variedad de secuencias y heterogeneidad. Por ejemplo, algunos textos pueden tener una secuencia
dominante primaria, donde un tipo predomina sobre otro en un texto (narración sobre descripción) y tener también
una secuencia secundaria. Además de ello, dentro de estas secuencias puede haber diferentes subtipos que son
llamados géneros, los cuales dependen de la función social exp
muchos tipos de textos narrativos (novelas, historias cortas, bibliografías, etc.) instrucciones (recetas de cocina,
manuales, récipes médicos) etc. (McCarthy, 1991)
Cuando las personas se expresan de manera oral o escrita están produciendo textos, es por ellos que se dice que un texto es
cualquier manifestación o emisión hablada o escrita de cualquier longitud, desde un enunciado a un libro entero que teng
una meta comunicativa, en un contexto situacional establecido y con una estructura organizacional
determinada. (Casany, 1994) Por otro lado, un texto es el resultado de un acto de comunicación cuya extensión y carácter depe
la intención del hablante; intención que puede ser doble. Una intención comunicativa: la voluntad de transmitir una información y una
intención ilocutiva: el deseo de lograr un determinado efecto.
La estructura básica de un texto escrito consta de tres partes:
omienzo que sitúa al lector en el tema que expresa la
la ubicación contextual del tópico. (Lugar, tiempo, población, etc. que sirven de referencia al tema a desarrollar). La intro
también para sugerir como estará organizado el escrito. Su función principal es proveer al lector de la información necesaria para
DESARROLLO O CUERPO: es la parte fundamental del escrito, donde se amplía o explica la tesis o
de manera general en la introducción. En el cuerpo pueden existir varios párrafos
Es el resumen de los aspectos tratados en el desarrollo. Por
En los textos escritos la información es presentada en párrafos o secciones, e
diferentes secuencias textuales tales como: narración, descripción, instrucción y proceso (Casamiglia y Tusón, 2002
tipo predomina sobre otro en un texto (narración sobre descripción) y tener también
Además de ello, dentro de estas secuencias puede haber diferentes subtipos que son
dependen de la función social expresada en la secuencia textual. Por ejemplo, hay
manuales, récipes médicos) etc. (McCarthy, 1991)
textos, es por ellos que se dice que un texto es
cualquier manifestación o emisión hablada o escrita de cualquier longitud, desde un enunciado a un libro entero que tenga unidad. El
uacional establecido y con una estructura organizacional
determinada. (Casany, 1994) Por otro lado, un texto es el resultado de un acto de comunicación cuya extensión y carácter dependen de
nción comunicativa: la voluntad de transmitir una información y una
e expresa la tesis o idea principal, es decir
la ubicación contextual del tópico. (Lugar, tiempo, población, etc. que sirven de referencia al tema a desarrollar). La introducción sirve
cipal es proveer al lector de la información necesaria para
escrito, donde se amplía o explica la tesis o
En el cuerpo pueden existir varios párrafos, todos
Es el resumen de los aspectos tratados en el desarrollo. Por otra parte, también se
En los textos escritos la información es presentada en párrafos o secciones, esa presentación va a depender
diferentes secuencias textuales tales como: narración, descripción, instrucción y proceso (Casamiglia y Tusón, 2002).
tipo predomina sobre otro en un texto (narración sobre descripción) y tener también
Además de ello, dentro de estas secuencias puede haber diferentes subtipos que son
resada en la secuencia textual. Por ejemplo, hay

SECUENCIA NARRATIVA: su objetivo es contar, relatar uno o varios sucesos o eventos acontecidos en
un marco temporal y espacial. Contienen una reseña de un lugar, momento, personaje, etc. de la historia a ser
contada. El desarrollo consiste en contar un evento, problema acontecido o aspectos importantes de la vida del algún
héroe, científico, médico, etc. El final, comúnmente incluye el desenlace de la historia y/o una moraleja acerca de la
misma. Se observa la presencia de muchos verbos en pasado, para indicar progresión en la acción el escritor puede
usar adverbios de tiempo y lugar, también puede emplear conectores de tiempo y orden. Esta secuencia puede estar
narrada por una primera o tercera persona y estar acompañadas de la descripción como secuencia textual secundaria.
EJEMPLO:
Louis Pasteur waswaswaswas a French chemist and microbiologist who waswaswaswas
one of the most important founders of medical microbiology. He is rememberedis rememberedis rememberedis remembered for
his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. His
discoveries reducedreducedreducedreduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he createdcreatedcreatedcreated the first vaccines
for rabies and anthrax. His experiments supportedsupportedsupportedsupported the germ theory of disease. He
waswaswaswas best knownknownknownknown to the general public for inventing a method to treat milk and
wine in order to prevent it from causing sickness, a process that camecamecamecame to be called
pasteurization. He is regardedis regardedis regardedis regarded as one of the three main founders of microbiology,
together with Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch. He was bornwas bornwas bornwas born on December 27,
1822, in DoleDoleDoleDole in the Jura region of FranceFranceFranceFrance, into the family of a poor tanner. Louis
grew upgrew upgrew upgrew up in the town of ArboisArboisArboisArbois. This fact probably instilledinstilledinstilledinstilled in the younger Pasteur
the strong patriotism that later waswaswaswas a defining element of his character. Louis
Pasteur waswaswaswas an average student in his early yearsearly yearsearly yearsearly years, but he was giftedwas giftedwas giftedwas gifted in drawing
and painting. His pastels and portraits of his parents and friends, mademademademade whenwhenwhenwhen he
waswaswaswas 15, werewerewerewere later keptkeptkeptkept in the museum of the Pasteur Institute in Paris. He
earnedearnedearnedearned his Bachelor of Arts degree (1840) and Bachelor of Science degree (1842) at the École Normale Supérieure. AfterAfterAfterAfter serving briefly as
professor of physics at Dijon Lycée in 1848, he becamebecamebecamebecame professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg, wherewherewherewhere he metmetmetmet and courtedcourtedcourtedcourted
Marie Laurent, daughter of the university's rector, in 1849. They were marriedwere marriedwere marriedwere married on May 29, 1849, and together hadhadhadhad five children, only two
of whom survivedsurvivedsurvivedsurvived to adulthood; the other three dieddieddieddied of typhoid. These personal tragedies inspiredinspiredinspiredinspired Pasteur to try to find cures for
diseases such as typhoid.
SECUENCIA DESCRIPTIVA: su fin primordial es ofrecer información detallada relacionada con un
evento, objeto o persona. En ella se puede apreciar gran cantidad de adjetivos, sustantivos, frases preposicionales y
adverbios de lugar. Están generalmente escritos en tiempo presente, donde puede predominar el uso del verbo estativo
TO BE (is o are). Las características que se describen en este tipo de secuencia están relacionadas con la dimensión,
la forma, tamaño, peso, volumen color y textura. Posiblemente, dentro de esta secuencia discursiva se pueden apreciar
comparación o contrastes.

EJEMPLO:
The liver isisisis the second largestsecond largestsecond largestsecond largest organ in the human body (after the skin) and the largestlargestlargestlargest
gland (weighing an average of 1500g). It lieslieslieslies in the right upper abdomen and midabdomen
and extendsextendsextendsextends to the left upper abdomen. The liver hashashashas the general shape of a prism or
wedge, with its base to the right and its apex to the left. It isisisis pinkish brown in color,
with a soft consistency, and isisisis highly vascular and easily friable.
Embryologically, the liver growsgrowsgrowsgrows as a diverticulum from the junction of foregut and the
midgut into the ventral mesogastrium (the caudal part of the septum transversum; the
cranial part forms the diaphragm). The same diverticulum formsformsformsforms the gallbladder and bile
ducts as well. The ligamentum teres hepatis isisisis the obliterated umbilical vein; the
ligamentum venosum isisisis the obliterated ductus venosus.
SECUENCIA DE INSTRUCCIÓN: Su meta es ofrecer una serie de pasos presentados en orden para
llevar a cabo una actividad. Estos pasos pueden indicar que hacer o no hacer, de manera directa o indirecta. Cuando
lo hacen de manera directa, las instrucciones son presentadas en forma de oraciones separadas usando la forma
imperativa del verbo, viñetas o numeraciones. De forma indirecta los pasos son plasmados en párrafos con un orden
natural, donde se usan verbos modales (can, may, shall, must, etc.), la voz pasiva o una combinación de ambos. En
este tipo de secuencia hay presencia de marcadores discursivos de orden y tiempo como: first, second, third, before,
after, then, later, finally, etc., verbos en forma infinitiva y adverbios de modo.
EJEMPLO:
HOW TO TAKE THE BLOOD PRESSURE
1. Sit up or lie down with the arm stretched out. The arm should be level with the heart.
2. Put the cuff about 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the elbow. Wrap the cuff snugly around the
arm. The blood pressure reading may not be correct if the cuff is too loose.
3. Put the earpieces in your ears.
4. Use your middle (long) and index (pointer) fingers, gently to feel the pulse in the bend
of the elbow. This is the brachial artery. You will feel the pulse beating when you find it. Do
not use your thumb to feel for the pulse because your thumb has a pulse of its own.
5. Put the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the brachial artery pulse. Listen for the
heartbeat.

6. Tighten the screw on the bulb and quickly squeeze and pump the bulb. This will cause the cuff to tighten.
7. Keep squeezing the bulb until the scale on the gauge reads about 160. Or, until the gauge reads at least 10 points higher than
when you last hear the heartbeat.
8. Slowly loose the screw to let air escape from the cuff. Let the gauge fall about 5 points a second. Carefully look at the gauge
and listen to the sounds. Remember the number on the gauge where you first heard the thumping sound.
9. Continue to listen and read the gauge at the point where the sound stops.
10. The number of the first sound is the systolic (top number) pressure.
11. The second number is the diastolic (bottom number) pressure.
12. Write down your BP, the date, the time, and which arm was used to take the BP. Let the air out of the cuff.
SECUENCIA DE PROCESO: se describen los pasos de algún proceso, no en forma de instrucciones, si no
describiendo las fases o etapa del mismo. Esta secuencia es una combinación de las tres anteriores (narración,
descripción e instrucción). En ella se utiliza la voz pasiva, los modales, la forma impersonal y el tiempo perfecto.
También, se puede observar la presencia de marcadores discursivos de orden cronológico: first, second, after, later,
etc. La organización del texto es totalmente secuencial. Por último, la acción no recae en la persona o en la acción
que esta realiza, si no en las etapas del proceso en sí.
EJEMPLO:
Angiography is usually performed at a hospital by a trained radiologist and assisting
technician or nurse. It takes place in an x-ray or fluoroscopy suite, and for most types of
angiograms, the patient’s vital signs will be monitored throughout the procedure.
Angiography requires the injection of a contrast dye that makes the blood vessels visible to
x ray. The dye is injected through a procedure known as arterial puncture. The puncture is
usually made in the groin area, armpit, inside elbow, or neck. The site is cleaned with an
antiseptic agent and injected with a local anesthetic. First, a small incision is made in the
skin to help the needle pass.
A needle containing an inner wire called a stylet is inserted through the skin into the artery. When the radiologist has punctured the
artery with the needle, the stylet is removed and replaced with another long wire called a guide wire. It is normal for blood to spout
out of the needle before the guide wire is inserted.
The guide wire is fed through the outer needle into the artery and to the area that requires angiographic study. A fluoroscopic screen
that displays a view of the patient’s vascular system is used to pilot the wire to the correct location. Once it is in position, the needle is
removed and a catheter is slid over the length of the guide wire until it to reaches the area of study. The guide wire is removed and
the catheter is left in place in preparation.

Fragmento de TextoFragmento de TextoFragmento de TextoFragmento de Texto Tipo SecuenciaTipo SecuenciaTipo SecuenciaTipo Secuencia
Water is poured into the displacement vessel until it overflows
through the pipe into the measuring jar. The level of water surface in the
measuring jar is read, and then the solid is lowered into the vessel until it is
completely covered by the water. Water is displaced and flows down the
pipe into the measuring jar, and the level of the water surface in the
measuring jar is read again. The volume of water displaced is equal to the
volume of the body.
( ) Secuencia Descriptiva
•Gently extend your neck while looking upward.
•Locate the Adam's apple, which is the protruding piece of cartilage on the
mid-line of the neck. If you cannot find your Adam's apple, then locate
halfway between the jaw line and shoulder blade.
•Place the fingers of both hands down two cartilage rings below the Adam's
apple (about an inch downward) and along the sides of the windpipe. The
cartilage feels like a raised and hard ring under the skin.
•Swallow. Take a sip of water if need be. The thyroid should rise
underneath your fingers as you swallow. You should feel the over the entire
thyroid, noting any changes in consistency, size, nodules or tenderness. A
normal thyroid should be symmetrica. An enlarged thyroid can often be
seen as well as felt. If there are any inconsistencies that you are worried
about, consult your physician for a more detailed exam.
( ) Secuencia Narrativa
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ and is composed of two
cone-like lobes or wings, lobus dexter (right lobe) and lobus sinister(left lobe),
connected via the isthmus The organ is situated on the anterior side of the neck,
lying against and around the larynx and trachea, reaching posteriorly
the oesophagus and carotid sheath. It starts cranially at the oblique line on
the thyroid cartilage (just below the laryngeal prominence, or 'Adam's Apple'),
and extends inferiorly to approximately the fifth or sixth tracheal ring. It is
difficult to demarcate the gland's upper and lower border with vertebral
levels because it moves position in relation to these during swallowing.
( ) Secuencia de Proceso
Gregor Johann Mendel (July 20, 1822 – January 6, 1884) was a German-
speaking Silesian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame
as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the
inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now
referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. The profound significance of
Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century, when the
independent rediscovery of these laws initiated the modern science of
genetics.
( ) Secuencia de Instrucción

Lee detenidamente el siguiente texto y responde
1. ¿Qué secuencia textual es la predominante
2. De las características antes descritas de un ejemplo de cada una de ellas,
3. ¿Existe una secuencia secundaria? ¿Por qué? ¿Qué características de esta se presentan? De ejemplos
4. ¿Posee la estructura básica de un texto
A gallstone is a solid crystal deposit that forms in the gallbladder, which is a pear
are needed to help digest fatty foods. Gallstones can migrate to other parts of the digestive tract and cause severe
threatening complications.
Gallstones vary in size and chemical structure. A gallstone may be as tiny as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. Eig
percent of gallstones are composed of cholesterol. They are formed when the liver produces more cholesterol than digestive ju
liquefy. The remaining 20% of gallstones are composed of calcium and an orange
urine its characteristic color and sometimes causes
Gallstones are the most common of all gallbladder pr
and are the fifth most common reason for hospitalization of adults in the United States. Gallstones usually develop in adults
ages of 20 and 50; about 20% of patients wi
20% of people over 60 have a single large stone or as many as several thousand smaller ones. The gender ratio of gallstone pa
changes with age. Young women are between two and six times more likely to develop gallstones than men in the same age group. In
patients over 50, the condition affects men and women with equal frequency.
Native Americans develop gallstones more often than any other segment of the populati
highest incidence of this disease.
Gallstones can cause several different disorders. Cholelithiasis is defined as the presence of gallstones within the gallblad
Choledocholithiasis is the presence of gallstones within the common bile duct that leads into the first portion of the small intestine (the
duodenum). The stones in the duct may have been formed inside it or carried there from the gallbladder. These gallstones prev
from flowing into the duodenum. Ten percent of patients with gallstones have choledocholithiasis, which is sometimes called common
stones. Patients who don’t develop infection usually recover completely from this disorder
siguiente texto y responde las siguientes preguntas:
es la predominante y por qué, qué características posee?
las características antes descritas de un ejemplo de cada una de ellas, extráigalos del texto.
¿Existe una secuencia secundaria? ¿Por qué? ¿Qué características de esta se presentan? De ejemplos
la estructura básica de un texto, cuál o cuáles de las partes están presentes?
GALLSTONES
A gallstone is a solid crystal deposit that forms in the gallbladder, which is a pear-shaped organ that stores bile salts until th
are needed to help digest fatty foods. Gallstones can migrate to other parts of the digestive tract and cause severe
Gallstones vary in size and chemical structure. A gallstone may be as tiny as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. Eig
percent of gallstones are composed of cholesterol. They are formed when the liver produces more cholesterol than digestive ju
liquefy. The remaining 20% of gallstones are composed of calcium and an orange-yellow waste product called bilirubin. Bilirubin gives
urine its characteristic color and sometimes causes jaundice.
Gallstones are the most common of all gallbladder problems. They are responsible for 90% of gallbladder and bile duct disease,
and are the fifth most common reason for hospitalization of adults in the United States. Gallstones usually develop in adults
ages of 20 and 50; about 20% of patients with gallstones are over 40. The risk of developing gallstones increases with age
20% of people over 60 have a single large stone or as many as several thousand smaller ones. The gender ratio of gallstone pa
etween two and six times more likely to develop gallstones than men in the same age group. In
patients over 50, the condition affects men and women with equal frequency.
Native Americans develop gallstones more often than any other segment of the population; Mexican
Gallstones can cause several different disorders. Cholelithiasis is defined as the presence of gallstones within the gallblad
ones within the common bile duct that leads into the first portion of the small intestine (the
duodenum). The stones in the duct may have been formed inside it or carried there from the gallbladder. These gallstones prev
num. Ten percent of patients with gallstones have choledocholithiasis, which is sometimes called common
stones. Patients who don’t develop infection usually recover completely from this disorder.
las siguientes preguntas:
del texto.
¿Existe una secuencia secundaria? ¿Por qué? ¿Qué características de esta se presentan? De ejemplos extraídos del texto.
shaped organ that stores bile salts until they
are needed to help digest fatty foods. Gallstones can migrate to other parts of the digestive tract and cause severe pain with life-
Gallstones vary in size and chemical structure. A gallstone may be as tiny as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. Eighty
percent of gallstones are composed of cholesterol. They are formed when the liver produces more cholesterol than digestive juices can
yellow waste product called bilirubin. Bilirubin gives
oblems. They are responsible for 90% of gallbladder and bile duct disease,
and are the fifth most common reason for hospitalization of adults in the United States. Gallstones usually develop in adults between the
th gallstones are over 40. The risk of developing gallstones increases with age—at least
20% of people over 60 have a single large stone or as many as several thousand smaller ones. The gender ratio of gallstone patients
etween two and six times more likely to develop gallstones than men in the same age group. In
on; Mexican-Americans have the second-
Gallstones can cause several different disorders. Cholelithiasis is defined as the presence of gallstones within the gallbladder itself.
ones within the common bile duct that leads into the first portion of the small intestine (the
duodenum). The stones in the duct may have been formed inside it or carried there from the gallbladder. These gallstones prevent bile
num. Ten percent of patients with gallstones have choledocholithiasis, which is sometimes called common-duct

Secuencias Textuales 2

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