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2. Table of Contents
Que vs. Cual Verbs like gustar
Ser- DOCTOR PED Reflexive
Estar- HELPING Tu commands
Gustar Affirmative
Negative
Transitions
Irregular
Imperfect
DOP +Placement
Triggers
Preterite
Acabar de
Formulas-Hace + time
+que + verb
3. Qué vs. Cuál
Qué- That Cuál- Which
Always used when asking Always used in front of a
for a definition conjugation of ser
Qué Cuál
¿Quéhoraes? ¿Cuálestudireccion?
¿Quées un nombre? ¿Cuálestunombre?
¿Quéessunovio? ¿Cuáles el problema?
6. Gustar
Ending of gustar matches the object at the end not the person saying it for
instance:
Me gustan papas fritas.
A ellos les gustastú.
To add empasis or to be specific about the subject of a sentence use the
phrase: A subject (form of)gustar.
For instance:
A mi me gustajugardeportes.
Yo Me gusta
Tu Te gusta
El/ella/Ud. Le gusta
Nosotros Nosgusta
Vosotros Osgusta
Ellos/ellas/Uds. Les gusta
8. Imperfect
When to use:
1. Ongoing action
2. Repeated action
3. No definite beginning or end
4. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions
5. Interrupted activity
9. Imperfect examples
ar er ir
yo Hablaba Comía Escribía
tu Habablas Comías Escribías
él/ella/ud. Hablaba Comía Escribía
Nosotros Hablabámos Comíamos Escribíamos
Vosotros Hablabais Comíais Escribíais
Ellos/ellas/Uds. Hablaban Comían Escribían
10. Imperfect Irregulars
ir ser ver
Yo iba era veía
Tu ibas eras veías
él/ella/Ud. iba era veía
Nosotros íbamos éramos veíamos
Vosotros ibais erais veíais
Ellos/ellas/Uds. iban eran veían
11. Triggers
Words that tell you when to use an imperfect.
Todos los dias
A menudo
A veces
Siempre
Cadadia
Los lunes
Generalmente
Mientras
De vez en cuando
Muchasveces
Frecuentemente
12. Formulas
Hace + time+ que + infinitive
Hay + que + infinitive
Se prohibe + infinitive
Ir + a + infinitive
13. Verbs like gustar
Encantar-to love
Molestar-to bother
Faltar-to lack or to miss
Fascinar-to facinate
Interestar-to interest
Importar-to matter
Doler-to hurt
14. Reflexive Verbs
The subject is bother the do-er of the action and the
receiver of the action.
Can be identified by ending in se
Example: Ducharse- Me ducho.
Reflextive
Pronouns
Me
Te
Se
Os
Nos
Se
15. Affirmative Tú Commands
To tell a friend to do something you simply conjugate
a verb to the tú form then drop the s.
Comer -> Comes -> Come
Examples:
Come el pan. – Eat the bread
Baila. – Dance
Grita. - Scream.
16. Negative Tú Commands
Used to tell friends and familiars what not to do.
1. Conjugate the verb to the yo form.
Ex. Hablo
2. Change the ending to the opposite for example
hablar to habler or comer to comar.
Hable
3. Add an s
Hables
End result: No hables.
17. Irregular Tú Commands
decir di
hacer haz
ir ve
poner pon
salir sal
ser se
tener ten
venir ven
Examples- Haz la tarea. Do the homework.
These irregulars are only used in the affirmative. Negative are conjugated like
normal.
18. DOP + placement
Direct Object Pronouns take the place of a noun and answer
the question what? to a verb.
Me Nos
Te Os
Lo Los
Add the pronoun to the end La Las
of a conjugated affirmative command. Bébelo. –Drink it
To the end of an infinitive Béberlo. – To drink it
Or to the end of a present progressive. Bebiéndolo.- Drinking
it.
It goes in front of a negative command. No lo bebas
When you change the syllabication of a verb, add an accent to
the third syllable, the antepenultimate.
19. Preterite
A perfected action of the past
A snapshot of the past
Beginning and/or ending
Ar Er/Ir
Yo é í
Tu aste iste
El/Ella/Usted ó ió
Nosotros amos imos
Ellos/Ellas/Uste aron ieron
des
Example: Hablé con míamiga- I talked with my friend