2. Introduction
Escherichia Coli Beta-lactamases
- Gram negative
- E. coli and other
facultative anaerobes constitute
about 0.1% of gut flora, and fecal–
oral transmission.
- E. coli is very vulnerable to the
overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
-Beta-lactamases
are enzymes produced by bacteria,
that provide multi-resistance to β-
lactam antibiotics.
- Beta-lactamases produced by Gram-
negative organisms are usually
secreted, especially when antibiotics
are present in the environment.
3. • E. coli has developed resistance to varying
degrees, depending on the strain, to many
common antibiotics, most worryingly against the
beta-lactam group of antibiotic medications.
4. Objective
This study aimed to estimate the
prevalence of human faecal ESBL
carriage in the community of an
informal urban settlement in Dar
es Salaam (Tanzania, East Africa)
by using environmental
contamination of
household latrines with ESBL as
a surrogate marker.
6. Amplificación isotérmica
• Capacidad de amplificar fragmentos específicos
de ADN lo que permite la detección altamente
sensible de patógenos. Utiliza una enzima
polimerasa de ADN cuya propiedad es la del
desplazamiento de la cadena de ADN junto con
su propiedad habitual de polimerización. La
reacción toma lugar a una sola temperatura.
7. Etest
Es utilizada para determinar si una cepa
específica de bacterias es susceptible a la
acción de antibióticos específicos.
Consiste en un gradiente de
concentración de antibióticos predefinido
colocado en una tira plástica, que es
utilizada para determinar
la Concentración Inhibitoria
Mínima (MIC) de antibiótico.
8. Electroforesis en gel( PFGE)
Técnica utilizada para separar fragmentos de ADN
según tamaño. Las muestras de ADN se cargan en
pozos en un extremo de un gel y se aplica una
corriente eléctrica para arrastrarlas a través del gel.
Aquellas moléculas que se sean tenga menor peso
molecular se desplazarán más rápido que las que
tengan un peso molecular mayor.
13. Disscution
Authors Concept Do we agree or not?
Sonda T, Kumburu H, van
Zwetselaar M
The median proportion of ESBL-
producing Enterobacteriaceae in
patients of Tanzanian healthcare
facilities was 39%
Manyahi J, Moyo SJ, Tellevik
MG
ESBL faecal carriage rate in
healthy community children
in Dar es Salaam of
11.6%
Tellevik MG, Blomberg B,
Kommedal O, Maselle SY,
Langeland N, Moyo SJ
ESBL
in 16% of Enterobacteriaceae
causing community acquired
urinary tract infections
Woerther PL, Burdet C,
Chachaty E, Andremont A
Studies from other African
countries like Senegal, Niger and
Madagascar have reported ESBL
carriage rates in the community
ranging as high as 10% to 31%
14. Conclusions
• The letrines that are used by a bigger number of
people have the highest prevalance of ESBL.
• The prevalence of ESBL in the letrines studied,
allows us to conclude that possibility of
contracting bacteria that contain this encyme in
the non.hospital enviroment is high.