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Ejercicios de Química Orgánica Básica - 2. Alquinos, cicloalcanos, hidrocarburos aromáticos - 02 Nomenclatura de alquinos
1. Nomenclatura de alquinos
Ejercicios de
Principales Compuestos Orgánicos
2: Alquinos, cicloalcanos,
hidrocarburos aromáticos
Nomenclatura de alquinos /2
2. Curso Básico de Química Orgánica
http://triplenlace.com/cbqo/
Este ejercicio pertenece al
3. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
Consejo
Trate de resolver este ejercicio (y todos) por sí
mismo/a antes de ver las soluciones. Si no lo intenta,
no lo asimilará bien.
5. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino (IUPAC)
Nombre preferido por
la IUPAC
a)
CH
CH2
1
2
3
4
5
6
6. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino (IUPAC)
Se empieza a numerar por la derecha porque si lo
hiciéramos por la izquierda los localizadores de las
insaturaciones también serían “1,3,5”, pero en ese caso
no se estarían dando los números más bajos a los dobles
enlaces, sino al triple, lo que va contra la regla
a)
CH
CH2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino (IUPAC)
Usamos la nomenclatura E/Z para distinguir los dos
isómeros de este compuesto que se pueden considerar
según las posiciones de los sustituyentes de los
carbonos 3 y 4. (No hay isómeros respecto al enlace 1-2
porque el C1 tiene dos sustituyentes iguales; para que
exista isomería E/Z cada C de un doble enlace tiene que
tener sus dos sustituyentes distintos).
a)
CH
CH2
1
2
3
4
5
6
8. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino (IUPAC)
a)
CH
CH2
1
2
3
4
5
6
En ellos hemos señalado los sustituyentes de los C del doble
enlace 3-4, que es el único que admite isomería de este tipo
Los dos isómeros Z/E posibles son estosLos dos isómeros Z/E posibles son estos
9. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino (IUPAC)
a)
CH
CH2
1
2
3
4
5
6
Marcamos los sustituyentes prioritarios de ambos C del doble
enlace (son prioritarios los átomos con mayor número atómico)
10. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino (IUPAC)
a)
CH
CH2
1
2
3
4
5
6
Cuando los grupos prioritarios quedan al mismo lado del doble
enlace el isómero es Z; en caso contrario es E.
11. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino (IUPAC)
a)
CH
CH2
1
2
3
4
5
6
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(3Z)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
12. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino (IUPAC)
a)
CH
CH2
1
2
3
4
5
6
El número 3 indica el primer carbono del doble enlace 3-4, que es
el doble enlace de interés en este caso
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(3Z)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
13. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(3E)-1,3-hexadien-5-ino
(IUPAC)
(CAS)
Nombre preferido por
el Chemical Abstracts
Service (CAS)
a)
CH
CH2
14. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(3E)-1,3-hexadien-5-ino
(IUPAC)
(CAS)
b)
CH
CH2
CH3
CH3
a)
CH
CH2
15. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(3E)-1,3-hexadien-5-ino
(IUPAC)
(CAS)
(3E)-3,4-dipropilhexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(IUPAC)
b)
CH
CH2
CH3
CH3
a)
CH
CH2
4
5
6
12
3
La cadena más larga es la que tiene
más insaturaciones y se numera de
modo que los dobles enlaces
queden con los localizadores más
bajos posible
16. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(3E)-1,3-hexadien-5-ino
(IUPAC)
(CAS)
(3E)-3,4-dipropilhexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(IUPAC)
b)
CH
CH2
CH3
CH3
a)
CH
CH2
4
5
6
12
3
El único doble enlace que admite
isomería Z/E es el 3-4
17. Nombrar los siguientes hidrocarburos:
triplenlace.com
(3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(3E)-1,3-hexadien-5-ino
(IUPAC)
(CAS)
(3E)-3,4-dipropilhexa-1,3-dien-5-ino
(3E)-3,4-dipropil-1,3-hexadien-5-ino
(IUPAC)
(CAS)
b)
CH
CH2
CH3
CH3
a)
CH
CH2
18. Problemas del
Curso Básico de Química Orgánica
http://triplenlace.com/problemas-de-
principales-compuestos-organicos/
Más…
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Unsaturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons having both double and triple bonds are named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the name of the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-enyne", "-adienyne", "-atrienyne", "-enediyne", etcNumbers as low as possible are given to double and triple bonds even though this may at times give "-yne" a lower number than "-ene". When there is a choice in numbering, the double bonds are given the lowest numbers.
Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the unbranched hydrocarbons which contain the maximum number of double and triple bonds. If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the chain with the maximum number of unsaturated bonds, then the choice goes to (1) that one with the greatest number of carbon atoms; (2) the number of carbon atoms being equal, that one containing the maximum number of double bonds. In other respects, the same principles apply as for naming saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons. The chain is so numbered as to give the lowest possible numbers to double and triple bonds in accordance with Rule A-3.3.
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm