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5. Pregnant women
•Systematic screening and treatment of AB is recommended for pregnant women (A-I) in order
to reduce the risk of pyelonephritis (A-I), preterm labour and low birth weight infants (B-II).
An initial urine culture between the 12th and 16th weeks of pregnancy is recommended (A-I).
A follow-up urine culture is recommended in order to verify that the bacteriuria has been
eradicated (A-III). Subsequent monthly urine cultures until delivery are recommended (C-III).
Patients who must undergo urological procedures
•Systematic screening for and treatment of AB is recommended prior to performing a TURP of
the prostate (A-I) or any other high-risk urological procedure (A-II).
•Screening and prophylaxis for AB is not recommended for patients scheduled to undergo low-
risk urological procedures (A-I).
•Antibiotic prophylaxis should be initiated immediately before performing the procedure (A-II)
and may be prolonged only in patients with a short-term urethral catheter, until removal (C-III).
Bacteriuria asintomática. Screening.
6.
7. Pyuria cannot be considered as an adequate criterion for the diagnosis of
AB nor for indication for treatment in a patient with AB(A-II).
Urine test stripes are not recommended for the detection of AB (A-II).
In women with AB, two consecutive clean-voided specimens with the
same uropathogen at counts of ≥105CFU/mL, or one positive urine culture
with a positive nitrite test in another sample, are required for diagnosis (B-
II).
In men, bacteriuria is defined as a single uropathogen isolated at a count
of ≥105CFU/mL (B-III).
In both male and female patients the diagnosis requires the isolation of ≥
102 CFU/mL of a uropathogen in a single urine sample collected through a
catheter (A-II).
Bacteriuria asintomática. Diagnóstico.
8. Inappropriate Management of Asymptomatic Patients With Positive Urine
Cultures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 4, Issue 4, 1 October 2017, ofx207,https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx207
15. Prevalencia: 2-3ª causa de infección comunitaria
1-3ª causa de infección nosocomial
Sexo: Mujer > Hombre
Edad: Mujer: Actividad sexual
Postmenopausia
Hombre: > 50 años (patol. prostática)
Niñ@: malformación vía urinaria
Factores favorecedores:
Actividad sexual Distancia uretra-ano
Mod flora vaginal Sondaje
Infección urinaria. Epidemiología
19. Pielonefritis aguda
La existencia de litiasis y/o la persistencia de la fiebre y signos sépticos más
de 48-72 horas obligan a la practica de un estudio radiourológico urgente
(UIV o TAC) para descartar una complicación subyacente (obstrucción,
absceso renal o perirenal) que requiere tratamiento quirúrgico o drenaje
20. TIRA REACTIVA UROCULTIVO
ORIENTATIVO
VPN > 95% EN NO SONDADOS
FN: CG+, PA
CONFIRMACIÓN
SEDIMENTO
SOSPECHA
>10L / campo (no centrifugada x40)
> 5 L/campo (centrifugada x40)
S > 95% EN CISTITIS
Diagnóstico.
+ HEMOCULTIVOS si pielonefritis-prostatitis-sepsis urinaria
21. For symptomatic women, a culture
definition for cystitis is ≥102CFU/mL (A-I)
of a uropathogen, and for pyelonephritis
≥104CFU/mL (A-II).
In males with cystitis, a culture of
≥103CFU/mL is considered to be
significant (A-III).
In bladder urine obtained by suprapubic
aspiration, any number of bacteria is
considered to be significant (A-II).
UROCULTIVO
CONFIRMACIÓN
Diagnóstico.
25. Pielonefritis
Tratamiento
Parenteral antibiotic treatment is recommended as initial
therapy for patients requiring hospital admission (A-III).
Parenteral antibiotic treatment is In our setting,
ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, co-
trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin and
fosfomycin-tromethamine are not recommended for
the empiric treatment of APN (A-III).
In uncomplicated CA-APN with no specific risk
factors for ESBL:
cefuroxime or a third-generation cephalosporin (A-II).
Allergic patients: aminoglycoside (B-I), aztreonam (B-
II) or fosfomycin (C-III); a carbapenem is an acceptable
option if the patient is closely monitored (C-III).
In uncomplicated CA-APN with specific risk factors
for ESBL or previous infection/colonization with
ESBL:
ertapenem (C-II), although other carbapenems (B-II) or
piperacillin-tazobactam (B-III) are alternatives.
Allergic patients: idem
In healthcare-associated APN
antipseudomonal carbapenem (A-III); ceftolozane-
tazobactam or piperacillin-tazobactam as alternatives
(C-III).
Allergic patients: idem
Severe sepsis:
addition of amikacin should be considered (B-II).
Allergic patients: idem
26. 1. Realizar un urocultivo previo al inicio del tratamiento. Realizar
un Gram cuando no es factible esperar a los resultados
microbiológicos. Siempre que sea posible, esperar al resultado
(cultivo y antibiograma) antes de iniciar el tratamiento.
2. Identificar y corregir factores de riesgo y facilitadores de
infección
3. El alivio sintomático no implica erradicación microbiológica
4. En general, las ITU de vías bajas no complicadas responden a
tratamientos cortos mientras que las ITU de vías altas precisan
pautas más prolongadas
5. Las ITUs comunitarias habitualmente son producidas por cepas
más sensibles
6. En los pacientes con ITUs de repetición que son sometidos a
procedimientos invasivos debe sospecharse la presencia de
cepas resistentes
ITUs. Tratamiento.
27. 10% INFECCIOSO
90%
NO INFECCIOSO
Síndrome álgico pelviano
COMUNITARIA
SEXUAL
Gonococo
Chlamydia
Ureaplasma
HEMATOGENA
Staphylococcus
Salmonella
20 – 50 % de los varones a lo largo de la vida
SIEMPRE tras la pubertad
NOSOCOMIAL
Asociada a SV
Prostatitis
29. Síndrome miccional
Dolor no relacionado
con la micción
Síndrome infeccioso
TACTO RECTAL
↑ Tamaño próstata
↑ Dolor prostata
TÍPICA SOLAPADAS
+
+
+
1. Síndr. infeccioso aislado
2. Síndr. miccional aislado
3. TR normal
4. Asociado a PN
COMPLICACIONES
1. SEPSIS
2. RETENCION
AGUDA DE ORINA
3. ABSCESO
PROSTÁTICO
4. EPIDIDIMITIS
5. CRONICIDAD
Clínica. Prostatitis aguda.
30. INFECCIÓN PERSISTENTE – INFECCION RECURRENTE POR EL MISMO MICROORGANISMO
CUADRO CLINICO
TIPICO NO DEFINIDO – MAS DISCRETO
•Pesadez pelviana
•Escozor miccional
•Disuria
•Nicturia
•Dolor con la eyaculación
•Astenia
•Afebril – Acceso febril con resol. espontanea
TACTO RECTAL
•Aumento de volumen y dolor, inconstantes
COMPLICACIONES
1. DOLOR
Clínica. Prostatitis crónica.