1. TERAPIA DE VOZ PARA
EL MANEJO DE
TRASTORNOS DE LA VOZ
UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE SINALOA
HOSPITAL CIVIL DE CULIACAN
CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCENCIA EN CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD
OTORRINOLARINGOLOGIA Y CIRUGIA DE CABEZA Y CUELLO
DR. ANGEL CASTRO URQUIZO
R1 ORL
CULIACAN SINALOA
NOVIEMBRE 2016
7. Higiene vocal
Base de la terapia de voz
Autocuidado de cuerdas vocales
Hidratación e irritantes
Control activo
Disminución de cicatrices
Hidratación
RLF
1
11. Disminución de fonotrauma
Voz producida con esfuerzo por tiempo incrementado o
volumen alto resultando en patología de cuerda vocal.
Gritar, carraspeo,
forzar, uso de voz
ejercicio vigoroso,
sobreuso,
Volumen
Esfuerzo
Tiempo
Nódulos
Quistes
Masas fibrosas
Pólipos
Hemorragias
Cicatrices
2
12. Coordinación de la voz
Voz no coordinada: Sonido anormal resultante de
desequilibrio de la respiración, fonación y resonancia.
3
13. Abordajes en terapia de voz
Sin consenso general en las terapias
Tratar el comportamiento de la voz
Manejo individualizado
14. Método del acento
Smith & Thyme
Respiración rítmica
principal mecanismo
Unir movimiento
corporal con
respiración y fonación
Respiración abdominal.
Posturas de garganta
abierta
Vocalización rítmica
consonantes(acentos)
combinación corporal
(balance corporal)
15.
16.
17. Voz confidencial
Reduce la colisión de CV
Reduce hiperfunción
muscular
Meta Ligera abducción
Incrementar flujo
Baja el volumen Promueve curación
22. Técnicas manuales crico-laringeas
Reposicionamiento manual directo de la laringe
Observación de los cambios en voz durante fonación
Usar cuando los Músculos contribuyen a anormalidades
de voz
Tensión muscular desvía laringe de posición neutral
29. Fonación de flujo
Adaptada de: Stretch and Flow Phonation
Aprender a no sostener respiración durante el habla.
4 habilidades básicas
1.- Liberación
de flujo aéreo
2.- Fonación
respirando
3.- Fonación de
flujo
4.- Precisión de
articulación
30. Ejercicios de función vocal
1950, Briess
Técnicas de fortalecimiento y coordinación de cuerdas y
músculos laríngeos.
Equivalente de terapia física para cuerdas vocales
Mejoran la eficacia y relación de fonación/esfuerzo por flujo
de aire, resonancia y vibración vocal
31. Ejercicios de función vocal
2 repeticiones
2 veces al día
1.- Calentamiento
2.- Estiramiento
3.- Contracción
4.- Aumento de fuerza muscular
36. Referencia apropiadas para terapia de voz
No todos son
candidatos
Terapia inicia con un
diagnostico y envió
precioso de ORL
Factores del
paciente
Factores
de laringe
Éxito
37.
38. |
Resultados pobres
No hay estudios al
respecto
Papilomas
Proceso cicatrizal
Múltiples cirugías
Resultados
limitados
EdemadeReinke
Fumadores, RLF o
fonotrauma
Reducción de
fonotrauma
Limitación por
anormalidades
importantes
39. Quiste/Fibrosis/Pólipo
Terapia aunque no
haya dx específico
Lesiones grandes y
exofíticas tienen
menos beneficio
Rigidez de mucosa
Disfoníaespasmódica
No hay mejoría
significativa con
terapia de voz
Es diagnóstica Vs
MTD
Parálisisvocal
Unilateral es
controversial
Éxito basado en la
posición de la
cuerda, tensión y
grosor
El otorrino suele ser el primero en el camino de un paciente con trastornos de voz
Es necesario un manejo conjunto
Importante Abstenerce de decir: Quiero que pruebe la terapia de voz” - plantan la semilla del fracaso.
Explicar que es algo muy prolongado--< es la premisa básica para el EXITO
illustrates the key categoriesof any voice therapy program: increase vocal hygiene,
decrease phonotrauma. and increase coordinated voice production.
Although the circles delineate separate entities, they are not mutually exclusive
Ver en que categoría esta el paciente,
The third circle, increase coordinated vocal production,
represents a direct approach to voice therapy; here,
the speech-language pathologist directly alters the patient's
speaking technique in an attempt to increase vocal quality
and efficienc
Research has shown that hydrated vocal folds vibrate with
less subglottic pressure than do nonhydrated vocal folds,
especially at high pitches ( 10-14). Hydrated vocal folds are
less predisposed to trauma than dry vocal folds and show
more resilience from trauma than dry vocal folds
Initiating voice therapy with the healthiest vocal folds
possible is the launch pad of therapy.
Initiating voice therapy with the healthiest vocal folds
possible is the launch pad of therapy.
The second circle is entitled decrease phonotrauma
(vocal abuse/overuse) and is defined as a voice produced
with too much effort for increased durations of time or
at an inordinately high volume, often resulting in organically
based vocal fold pathology. Phonotraumatic vocal
behaviors may result in benign vocal fold lesions (e.g.,
nodules, cysts, fibrous mass, polyps) and scar. Such
vocal behaviors as screaming, yelling, throat clearing,
continued voicing while sick, vocalization during vigorous
exercising, vocal overuse, and speaking over background
noise are examples. Although modem-day voice
therapy is much more than a '"do/don't" list. the prevailing
"don't" recommendation in voice therapy is "don't
scream.• High-pitched screaming may result in vocal
fold hemorrhage. Vocal overuse may also cause vascular
changes (i.e., vascular permeability) in the vocal folds,
which may predispose patients to have small and large
hemorrhages, often recurrent in nature. Cumulative
microtrauma to the vocal fold tissues may result in scarring,
sulcus vocalis, or both. Voice therapy is often used
in conjunction with surgical intervention for phonotraumatic
lesions in this circle.
Educar en las primeras dos sesiones
Técnicas de compensación inapropiadas
No hay acuerdo general entre los patólogos del habla y el lenguaje Acerca de qué terapias de voz utilizar con voz específica Trastornos.
Most speech-language pathologists use
a combination of the therapies listed and do not use one
therapy in particular. Although the following list defines
each specific therapy, voice therapy is not •cookbook care. ..
Each patient presents with individual needs, and some
therapies work better with some patients than others.
Proponents of this method report that patients acquire optimal respiratory
support, coordination of exhalation and phonatory onset..
and phonatory effort (19). Research investigating the efficacy
of the accent method shows good outcomes ( 19 ,20).
SOPORTE RESPIRATORIO OPTIMO
EXPLICACION: APRENDEN NUEVOS PATRONES DE COMPORTAMIENTO,
APLICACIÓN EN LESIONES BENIGNAS: NODULOS; DISFONIA TENSIONAL, FUNCION PARADOJICA
The accent method may be used to treat benign lesions,
MID, vocal fatigue. paradoxical vocal fold motion, and
mild glottal incompetence(cierre inadecuado).
which results in smaller amplitudes of vibration
and decreased collision force/stress impact.
MAS QUE NADA ES PARA DARLE TIUEMPO A SANAR
Aplicacion: LESIONES BENIGNAS; POSOPERATORIO; PERIODOS CORTOS DE TIEMPO, MTD
EXPLICACION: LIGERA ABDUCCION CON MENOS TRAUMA Y PROTECCION DE NUEVA LESION
APLICACIÓN: LESIONES BENIGNAS; POSOPERATORIO; PERIODOS CORTOS DE TIEMPO
Confidential voice therapy may be used to treat benign
lesions, MTD, and it can be used during the postoperative
period of voice reinstatement It is not appropriate for
patients with voice problems related to glottal incompetence.
Also, confidential voice is only used for a period of
time to promote vocal fold healing; once that period is finished,
the voice production is shaped into a healthy vocal
production by other therapies mentioned in this chapter.
A soft, breathy voice is not an appropriate goal of any voice
therapy technique.
EXPLICACION: LAS IDEAS MEJOR ESTRUCTURADAS SE DICEN EN SILENCIO
APLICACIONES: PREsBILARINGEA PARKINSON; NEUROLOGICAS
patients with Parkinson disease. The aging voice, and other conditions including stroke, multiple
sclerosis, cerebral palsy. and Down síndrome
When patients are asked to speak loudly, not only
does vocal fold closure increase but articulatory precision
also improves.
These techniquesare used when extrinsic and intrinsic laryngeal
muscle dysregulation (imbalance) contribute to an abnormal-
sounding voice.
AREAS dolorosas : TIROHIODEA CARTILAGO TIROIDES Y BORDE INF DE HIOIDES
EXPLICACION: SE REACOMODA LARINGE A POSICION NEUTRAM MASAJE RELAJA LOS MUSCULOS
APLICACIONES: DISFONIA TENSIONAL; FUNCIONAL E HIPERFUNCIONAL; LESIONES ORGANICAS CON COMPENSACIONES INADECUADAS
The "push-back" maneuver uses digital compression in the
posterior direction within the region of the hyoid bone.
The "push-back" maneuver uses digital compression in the
posterior direction within the region of the hyoid bone.
The "pull-down" maneuver impedes laryngeal elevation
by applying downward traction over the superior border of
the thyroid cartilage. The medial compression and downward
traction maneuver puts pressure directly over the posterior
aspect of the thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid space.
Circumlaryngeal massage may directly stretch the laryngeal
muscles and effect relaxation.
NASALES HUM, FRICATIVOS ZZZ O VVV PRODUCE UN HABLA BUCAL Y MEJORA LA RELACION DE FINACION CON ESFUERZO
Several studies show that easy, resonant voice is produced
with vocal folds that are barely touching or barely separated
vocal folds, which tend to optimize the relation between
voice output intensity and vocal fold impact intensity
Consonante fricativa. Una consonante fricativa es la que se produce por un estrechamiento o constricción de dos órganos articulatorios que modifican la corriente de aire, originando una fricción turbulenta
Resonant voice may be used with patients who have benign
vocal fold lesions, mild glottal incompetence, and hyperfunctional
(e.g., MID) voice disorders.
Usado en paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD)
Open-throat breathingcan be achieved by inhaling through the nose with a
relaxed tongue posture or inhaling with pursed lips (e.g.,
like sucking a thick milk shake up through a straw) and
prolonging audible exhalation through pursed lips on an
unvoiced /u/ or by producing a voiceless fricative like /s/,
If/ or "sh." Patients are taught both "rescue breathing techniques"
when in an attack, as well as rhythmic breathing
to "prevent" an attack
patients recognize that they are not holding their breath is the key
Flow phonation may be used with patients with functional
aphonia. MTD, and mild atrophy and it also may be effective
in patients with benign vocal fold lesions.
1: EE EL MAYOR TIEMPO POSIBLE
2:GLIDING DE NOTA MAS bAJA A MAS ALTA CON PALABRA KNOLL
3.-GLIDING DE LA NOTA MAS ALTA A LA MAS BAJA CON KNOLL
4.-SOSTENER KNOLL EN CADA NOTA MUSICAL EL MAYOR TIEMPO POSIBLE
a) vocal warm-up by sustaining the vowel •ee" for as long as possible,
(b) stretching of the laryngeal muscles by gliding from the lowest note to the
highest note on the word '"knoll”
(c) contracting of the laryngeal muscles by gliding from the highest note
to the lowest note on the word "knoll," and
(d) buildingmuscular power by sustaining musical notes for as long as
possible on the word "knoll" minus the "kn."
VFEs may be used on patients with benign vocal fold lesions, mild glottal incompetence, and MTD.
EXPLICACION: MEJORA FUERZA Y DESEMPEÑO DE MUSCULOS Y COORDINACION DE RESPIRACION Y FONACION
APLICACIONES: LESIONES BENIGNAS, DISFONIA POR TENSION MUSCULAR
Zumbido labio Burbujas, trinos de la lengua, fonación de popote , fricativas sostenidas (/ Z /, / v /), etc.
Almost all voice disorders can be helped by this general
grouping of therapies, as well as the nonspecific complaint
of vocal fatigue.
A QUIEN REFERIR
MUCHOS PX TIENEN MEJORIA CON DOS SESIONES
PACIENTE: MOTIVACION; GANAS DE MEJORAR; ACTITUD; APEGO
LARINGE: ESTADO FUNCIONAL,
En ocasiones con disminuir fonotrauma y humectar basta
Patient factors refer to such things as motivation
for change, positive attitude, compliance to behavioral
modification, adherence to homework, hearing loss, and
accepting responsibility for change.